Abstract: The ability to analyze the spectra of 532 nm/354.7 nm backscatter signal of atmosphere for Mach-Zehdner interferometer is demonstrated. The Mach-Zehdner interferometer accepts return signal. The phase difference and interference contrast are measured, which are formed by the interferometer's double arm, polarization and quadro-channels, and Doppler frequency shift of atmosphere and backscatter ratio of aerosol backscatter to molecular backscatter are derived. Transmitter laser can operate with multi-longitudinal mode, and Mie backscattering and Rayleigh backscattering analysis spectrograph is free from locking to laser frequency. Analysis method of simultaneous measurements atmosphere aerosol backscattering ratio profile and wind profile are also discussed. If Mach-Zehnder interferometer is employed as atmospheric backscatter signal's frequency spectrum analyzer, this high spectral resolution lidar will become an atmosphere analysis instrument with excellent performance and anticipant prospect.