Abstract: Tumor biomarker plays an important role in early diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and prognosis prediction for human medicine and cancers. At present, the human serum tumor biomarker detection methods mainly include radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLEIA), which have disadvantages of radioactive contamination, complicated operation, and long detection time and high cost. Various issues exist in these methods which limit its widespread applications in clinic screening. Recently, biosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have attracted much research attention for their remarkable superiority in the domain of biomedicine detection. The LSPR biosensor, a novel type of optical fiber-based biosensor, uses an optical fiber or optical fiber bundle to transform biological recognition information into analytically useful signals in the LSPR spectrum, which is suitable for clinical detection because of the advantages of high sensitivity, high specificity, label free, portable equipment and lower cost. However, up to now, there was little progress on the report of the detection of tumor biomarkers associated diseases and tumors by using this LSPR biosensor. In this paper, the principle and research progress of local surface plasmon resonance biosensor, as well as the main findings of our study in the detection of tumor markers are reviewed.