Abstract: Fundus diseases is one of the leading causes of blindness globally, and its early accurate diagnosis relies heavily on optical imaging techniques. However, conventional commercial fundus imaging devices suffer from inherent aberrations, making it difficult to clearly visualize the microscopic structures of the retina and resulting in most fundus diseases missing the optimal intervention timing. Adaptive Optics (AO) technology, by real-time correcting intraocular dynamic aberrations, enables imaging resolution to break through to the cellular scale. Over more than two decades of development, the application of AO technology in fundus imaging has evolved into various imaging modalities, demonstrating unique advantages in tomographic imaging, cellular-level structural analysis, and functional dynamic monitoring. This paper first introduces the basic principles of adaptive optics, then reviews the research and applications of AO-based fundus camera (FC), scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in fundus imaging. On this basis, the current status of multimodal fusion technology integrating these three approaches is summarized. It is anticipated that improving the technological level of AO-based high-resolution fundus imaging, optimizing application system development, and accelerating industrialization will play a crucial role in advancing ophthalmic healthcare in China.