Abstract: Due to their unique field distribution properties, vectorial optical fields have been extensively researched and applied across various domains. However, traditional methods for controlling optical fields are limited by material properties and physical dimensions, which restrict flexible and efficient dynamic manipulation capabilities. In contrast, metasurfaces overcome these constraints with subwavelength structural designs that provide additional degrees of freedom for independent control over attributes such as amplitude, phase, polarization, and propagation direction of vectorial optical fields. This paper systematically combines foundational theories with recent advancements in domestic and international research on vectorial optical fields to elucidate the fundamental principles and mathematical models underlying them. It particularly focuses on current methodologies using metasurfaces to generate vectorial optical fields, along with specific case studies and innovative outcomes in applications including focusing, orbital angular momentum detection, and high-precision positioning.