Abstract: Microstructure membrane optics using surface microstructure on flat thin film to modulate wave can break through these limitations and become an advanced space optical imaging technology. Through the research and analysis of related technologies at home and abroad, this paper reviewed the advances of the membrane telescopes and focused on membrane material, microstructure type and optical system design. The implementation of membrane telescopes involves many interdisciplinary disciplines such as materials, space environment engineering, nanofabrication technology, precision machinery binary optics and so on.