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Abstract
Understanding shielding cross-effects is a prerequisite for maximal power-specific nanosecond laser ablation in liquids (LAL). However, discrimination between cavitation bubble (CB), nanoparticle (NP), and shielding, e.g., by the plasma or a transient vapor layer, is challenging. Therefore, CB imaging by shadowgraphy is performed to better understand the plasma and laser beam-NP interaction during LAL. By comparing the fluence-dependent CB volume for ablations performed with 1 ns pulses with reports from the literature, we find larger energy-specific CB volumes for 7 ns-ablation. The increased CB for laser ablation with higher ns pulse durations could be a first explanation of the efficiency decrease reported for these laser systems having higher pulse durations. Consequently, 1 ns-LAL shows superior ablation efficiency. Moreover, a CB cascade occurs when the focal plane is shifted into the liquid. This effect is enhanced when NPs are present in the fluid. Even minute amounts of NPs trapped in a stationary layer decrease the laser energy significantly, even under liquid flow. However, this local concentration in the sticking film has so far not been considered. It presents an essential obstacle in high-yield LAL, shielding already the second laser pulse that arrives and presenting a source of satellite bubbles. Hence, measures to lower the NP concentration on the target must be investigated in the future.
Keywords
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References
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Sarah Dittrich, Stephan Barcikowski, Bilal Gökce. Plasma and nanoparticle shielding during pulsed laser ablation in liquids cause ablation efficiency decrease. Opto-Electronic Advances 4, 200072 (2021). DOI: 10.29026/oea.2021.200072Sarah Dittrich, Stephan Barcikowski, Bilal Gökce. Plasma and nanoparticle shielding during pulsed laser ablation in liquids cause ablation efficiency decrease. Opto-Electronic Advances 4, 200072 (2021). DOI: 10.29026/oea.2021.200072Download CitationArticle History
- Received Date October 19, 2020
- Accepted Date December 02, 2020
- Available Online January 26, 2021
- Published Date January 26, 2021
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S. D. performed the measurements and proposed the firstdraft of the manuscript. S. B. and B. G. proposed the origin-al idea and supervised the project. All authors revised themanuscript.
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| [1] |
Fojtik A, Henglein A. Laser ablation of films and suspended particles in a solvent-formation of cluster and colloid solutions. Ber Bunsen-Ges Phys Chem 97, 252–254 (1993). |
| [2] |
Zhang DS, Gökce B, Barcikowski S. Laser synthesis and processing of colloids: fundamentals and applications. Chem Rev 117, 3990–4103 (2017). DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00468 |
| [3] |
Amans D, Cai WP, Barcikowski S. Status and demand of research to bring laser generation of nanoparticles in liquids to maturity. Appl Surf Sci 488, 445–454 (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.117 |
| [4] |
Dittrich S, Kohsakowski S, Wittek B, Hengst C, Gökce B et al. Increasing the size-selectivity in laser-based g/h liquid flow synthesis of Pt and PtPd nanoparticles for CO and NO oxidation in industrial automotive exhaust gas treatment benchmarking. Nanomaterials 10, 1582 (2020). DOI: 10.3390/nano10081582 |
| [5] |
Barcikowski S, Baranowski T, Durmus Y, Wiedwald U, Gökce B. Solid solution magnetic FeNi nanostrand–polymer composites by connecting-coarsening assembly. J Mater Chem C 3, 10699–10704 (2015). DOI: 10.1039/C5TC02160J |
| [6] |
Neumeister A, Jakobi J, Rehbock C, Moysig J, Barcikowski S. Monophasic ligand-free alloy nanoparticle synthesis determinants during pulsed laser ablation of bulk alloy and consolidated microparticles in water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16, 23671–23678 (2014). DOI: 10.1039/C4CP03316G |
| [7] |
Amendola V, Riello P, Meneghetti M. Magnetic nanoparticles of iron carbide, iron oxide, iron@iron oxide, and metal iron synthesized by laser ablation in organic solvents. J Phys Chem C 115, 5140–5146 (2011). DOI: 10.1021/jp109371m |
| [8] |
Amendola V, Fortunati I, Marega C, Abdelhady AL, Saidaminov MI et al. High-purity hybrid organolead halide perovskite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed-laser irradiation in liquid. ChemPhysChem 18, 1047–1054 (2017). DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600863 |
| [9] |
Streubel R, Bendt G, Gökce B. Pilot-scale synthesis of metal nanoparticles by high-speed pulsed laser ablation in liquids. Nanotechnology 27, 205602 (2016). DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/20/205602 |
| [10] |
Reichenberger S, Marzun G, Muhler M, Barcikowski S. Perspective of surfactant-free colloidal nanoparticles in heterogeneous catalysis. ChemCatChem 11, 4489–4518 (2019). DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900666 |
| [11] |
Rodio M, Coluccino L, Romeo E, Genovese A, Diaspro A et al. Facile fabrication of bioactive ultra-small protein-hydroxyapatite nanoconjugates via liquid-phase laser ablation and their enhanced osteogenic differentiation activity. J Mater Chem B 5, 279–288 (2017). DOI: 10.1039/C6TB02023B |
| [12] |
Ikehata T, Onodera Y, Nunokawa T, Hirano T, Ogura SI et al. Photodynamic therapy using upconversion nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation in liquid. Appl Surf Sci 348, 54–59 (2015). DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.097 |
| [13] |
Hupfeld T, Wegner A, Blanke M, Doñate‐Buendía C, Sharov V et al. Plasmonic Seasoning: giving color to desktop laser 3D printed polymers by highly dispersed nanoparticles. Adv Optical Mater 8, 2000473 (2020). DOI: 10.1002/adom.202000473 |
| [14] |
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