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Jing JY, Liu K, Jiang JF, Xu TH, Wang S et al. Highly sensitive and stable probe refractometer based on configurable plasmonic resonance with nano-modified fiber core. Opto-Electron Adv 6, 220072 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oea.2023.220072
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Article Open Access
Highly sensitive and stable probe refractometer based on configurable plasmonic resonance with nano-modified fiber core
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Abstract
A dispersion model is developed to provide a generic tool for configuring plasmonic resonance spectral characteristics. The customized design of the resonance curve aiming at specific detection requirements can be achieved. According to the model, a probe-type nano-modified fiber optic configurable plasmonic resonance (NMF-CPR) sensor with tip hot spot enhancement is demonstrated for the measurement of the refractive index in the range of 1.3332–1.3432 corresponding to the low-concentration biomarker solution. The new-type sensing structure avoids excessive broadening and redshift of the resonance dip, which provides more possibilities for the surface modification of other functional nanomaterials. The tip hot spots in nanogaps between the Au layer and Au nanostars (AuNSs), the tip electric field enhancement of AuNSs, and the high carrier mobility of the WSe2 layer synergistically and significantly enhance the sensitivity of the sensor. Experimental results show that the sensitivity and the figure of merit of the tip hot spot enhanced fiber NMF-CPR sensor can achieve up to 2995.70 nm/RIU and 25.04 RIU−1, respectively, which are 1.68 times and 1.29 times higher than those of the conventional fiber plasmonic resonance sensor. The results achieve good agreements with numerical simulations, demonstrate a better level compared to similar reported studies, and verify the correctness of the dispersion model. The detection resolution of the sensor reaches up to 2.00×10−5 RIU, which is obviously higher than that of the conventional side-polished fiber plasmonic resonance sensor. This indicates a high detection accuracy of the sensor. The dense Au layer effectively prevents the intermediate nanomaterials from shedding and chemical degradation, which enables the sensor with high stability. Furthermore, the terminal reflective sensing structure can be used as a practical probe and can allow a more convenient operation. -
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References
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Jing JY, Liu K, Jiang JF, Xu TH, Wang S et al. Highly sensitive and stable probe refractometer based on configurable plasmonic resonance with nano-modified fiber core. Opto-Electron Adv 6, 220072 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oea.2023.220072
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Figure 1.
(a) Schematic of the sensing structure of the conventional fiber plasmonic resonance sensor. (b) The dispersion model for configuring plasmonic resonance spectral characteristics. (c) Plasmonic resonance spectra stimulated by different sensing structures. (d) The variation of the resonance wavelength with the RI of the sample layer. ωp is the plasma frequency of Au.
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Figure 2.
Schematic of the sensing structure of (a) the NMF-CPR sensor and (b) the bilayer structure of WSe2 in the hexagonal crystal system. (c) Schematic of the sensing structure of the tip hot spot enhanced NMF-CPR sensor. (d) The tip electric field enhancement and the tip hot spot in the nanogap between AuNSs and the Au layer.
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Figure 3.
(a) The localized mode field distribution of the NMF-CPR sensor with a WSe2 layer of 10 nm and an Au layer of 50 nm. Inset: the overall mode field distribution around the fiber core. (b) The vertical electric field distribution of the NMF-CPR sensor. Inset: the electric field distribution of the conventional fiber plasmonic resonance sensor with an Au layer of 50 nm. (c) Initial loss peaks of NMF-CPR sensors with different thicknesses of Au layers. Inset: binomial fitting curves of resonance wavelengths and RI points. The tangent slope of each point on the curve represents the sensitivity of the sensor at the corresponding RI point. (d) The sensitivity of NMF-CPR sensors with different thicknesses of Au layers corresponding to each RI. Inset: the sensitivity of conventional fiber plasmonic resonance sensors with different thicknesses of Au layers.
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Figure 4.
(a) The mode field distribution, (b) the horizontal electric field distribution on the upper surface, (c) loss spectra and (d) the sensitivity at each RI point of the tip hot spot enhanced NMF-CPR sensor with a WSe2 layer of 10 nm, AuNSs of 40 nm, and an Au layer of 50 nm. The inset in (a) is an enlarged view of the mode field distribution around AuNSs. The color legend has been adjusted so that the electronic coupling is more clearly represented. The inset in (d) is the binomial fitting curve of resonance wavelengths and RI points. The tangent slope of each point on the curve represents the sensitivity of the sensor at the corresponding RI point.
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Figure 5.
(a) Initial resonance dips of NMF-CPR sensors with different thicknesses of Au layers. Inset: binomial fitting curves of resonance wavelengths and RI points. The tangent slope of each point on the curve represents the sensitivity of the sensor at the corresponding RI point. (b) The sensitivity of NMF-CPR sensors with different thicknesses of Au layers corresponding to each RI. Inset: the sensitivity of conventional fiber plasmonic resonance sensors with different thicknesses of Au layers.
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Figure 6.
(a) Initial resonance dips of tip hot spot enhanced NMF-CPR sensors with different doping proportions (WSe2∶AuNSs). Inset: resonance spectra of the sensor with a doping proportion of 3∶1. (b) The sensitivity of tip hot spot enhanced NMF-CPR sensors with different doping proportions corresponding to each RI. The average sensitivity of the sensors is 2142.07 nm/RIU, 2492.58 nm/RIU and 2995.70 nm/RIU, respectively. Inset: binomial fitting curves of resonance wavelengths and RI points. The tangent slope of each point on the curve represents the sensitivity of the sensor at the corresponding RI point. (c) The FWHM of initial resonance dips and the FOM of the sensors with different doping proportions. (d) Monitoring of the resonance wavelength of the tip hot spot enhanced NMF-CPR sensor with a doping proportion of 3∶1.
