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Su DE, Li XY, Gao WD, Wei QH, Li HY et al. Smart palm-size optofluidic hematology analyzer for automated imaging-based leukocyte concentration detection. Opto-Electron Sci 2, 230018 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oes.2023.230018
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Article Open Access
Smart palm-size optofluidic hematology analyzer for automated imaging-based leukocyte concentration detection
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Abstract
A critical function of flow cytometry is to count the concentration of blood cells, which helps in the diagnosis of certain diseases. However, the bulky nature of commercial flow cytometers makes such tests only available in hospitals or laboratories, hindering the spread of point-of-care testing (POCT), especially in underdeveloped areas. Here, we propose a smart Palm-size Optofluidic Hematology Analyzer based on a miniature fluorescence microscope and a microfluidic platform to lighten the device to improve its portability. This gadget has a dimension of 35 × 30 × 80 mm and a mass of 39 g, less than 5% of the weight of commercially available flow cytometers. Additionally, automatic leukocyte concentration detection has been realized through the integration of image processing and leukocyte counting algorithms. We compared the leukocyte concentration measurement between our approach and a hemocytometer using the Passing-Bablok analysis and achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.979. Through Bland-Altman analysis, we obtained the relationship between their differences and mean measurement values and established 95% limits of agreement, ranging from −0.93×103 to 0.94×103 cells/μL. We anticipate that this device can be used widely for monitoring and treating diseases such as HIV and tumors beyond hospitals. -
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References
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Su DE, Li XY, Gao WD, Wei QH, Li HY et al. Smart palm-size optofluidic hematology analyzer for automated imaging-based leukocyte concentration detection. Opto-Electron Sci 2, 230018 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oes.2023.230018
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Figure 1.
Principle and construction of the Palm-size Optofluidic Hematology Analyzer. (a) The photograph and model diagrams of the Palm-size Optofluidic Hematology Analyzer. (b) The model diagram of a miniature fluorescence microscope. (c) The optical path design of a miniature fluorescence microscope. (d) Results of the USAF target at various axial positions imaged by the miniature fluorescence microscope. Z stands for object distance. (e) The lateral resolution of miniature fluorescence microscope as a function of object distance. (f) The model diagram of the designed microfluidic chip with top and front views of the profiles.
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Figure 2.
(a) Particle centroid tracking principle. (b) Flow chart of image pre-processing. (c) Flow chart of particle counting.
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Figure 3.
(a) Leukocytes in a channel captured by a miniature fluorescence microscope, with a magnified view of one of the cells and its profile curve. (b) Working process of the particle counting algorithm.
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Figure 4.
(a) Scatter diagram and regression equation of total white blood cells from both methods analyzed by Passing-Bablok regression analysis, sample number = 40. Regression equation: y = 0.9926 x + 0.0678, correlation coefficient R = 0.979; 95% confidence interval for slope 0.7955 to 1.0304 and for intercept –0.4380 to 0.9189. (b) The Bland-Altman analysis between the average and difference of the total white blood cells calculated by the two methods. The orange and yellow lines represent the upper and lower LOA, respectively, and the purple line represents the bias of the average count difference from 0. (c) The white blood cell counting results obtained from a patient's whole blood using our Palm-size Optofluidic Hematology Analyzer. The orange line represents the average of 10-count results, and the yellow line represents the standard value obtained by the hemocytometer.
