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摘要:
激光冲击强化技术(LSP)是一种新型的激光应用表面处理技术。与传统表面改性技术相比，激光冲击强化技术能给材料带来更深的残余应力层，使材料表层晶粒细化甚至出现纳米晶，同时大幅提高材料的疲劳寿命。利用高能激光辐照约束层材料(黑漆、黑胶带或铝箔)，约束层材料在瞬间熔融气化并产生高温高压的等离子体。等离子体冲击波是一种爆轰波，可以通过C-J模型计算冲击波的峰值压力。等离子体冲击波在约束层(水、光学玻璃)的约束下向材料内部传播，其压力远远超过了材料的弹性屈服极限，材料经历了弹性-塑性变形，最终材料表面形成稳定的残余应力场并发生微弱的塑性变形。本文介绍了激光冲击强化技术的研究发展历程，在此基础上对该技术发展方向进行了展望。
Abstract:Laser shock processing (LSP) is a new and efficient type of laser surface treatment technologies. Compared with the traditional surface modification technologies, laser shock processing can form a deeper residual stress layer to the material and make surface grain refinement or even appear nano-crystalline, meanwhile significantly improving the fatigue life of the material. When the high-energy laser irradiates at the confinement layer (black paint, black tape or aluminum foil), the material of the confinement layer is instantaneously melted and gasified to produce a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma. The plasma shock wave is a detonation wave that can be used to calculate the peak pressure of the shock wave by the C-J model. The plasma propagates to the interior of the material under the constraint of the confinement layer (water or optical glass). The pressure of the shock wave far exceeds the elastic yield limit of the material. Therefore, the material undergoes elastic-plastic deformation and eventually forms a stable residual stress field and a slight plastic deformation. The development of the technology research process is also introduced. On this basis, the development direction of the technology is forecasted.
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Abstract: The concept of “laser” was proposed at the beginning of 20th century. Since then, laser research had alwaysbeen a popular research area. Laser is widely applied because of its characteristics, such as good direction, highbrightness, and good color. Laser processing technology is one of the most promising areas for laser applications. Laser shock processing (LSP) is a new and efficient type of laser surface treatment technologies. Modern society makeshigher requirements of the service to mechanical parts, and mechanical properties of parts are needed to improve tomeet the use. As a typical laser surface treatment technology, LSP can achieve a greater increase of the performance,compared with other traditional surface treatment technologies. LSP strengthening process is similar to that of shotpeening, except that the mechanical effect of laser is used instead of the impact of the projectile. The impact pressureand the influence of depth on the surface of the material are larger. It also has a smaller change to the surface topography of parts. LSP can bring a deeper residual stress layer to the material and make surface grain refinement or evenappear nano-crystalline, meanwhile significantly improving the fatigue life of the material. The LSP utilizes the mechanical effect of the laser rather than the thermal effect. The high-energy laser irradiates the material of the confinement layer (usually is black paint, black tape or aluminum foil), and the material of the confinement layer is instantaneously melted and gasified to produce high-temperature and high-pressure plasma. The plasma continues to absorblaser energy and expands to form a shock wave. The plasma shock wave can be seen as a detonation wave of a physicalproperty, and C-J model is used to calculate and predict the variation of the peak pressure of the plasma shock wave.The plasma propagates to the interior of the material under the constraint of the confinement layer (usually is water oroptical glass). The pressure of the shock wave far exceeds the elastic yield limit of the material. Therefore, the materialundergoes elastic-plastic deformation and eventually forms a stable residual stress field and a slight plastic deformation. The research and development of LSP are introduced, including the key of this technology: the selection andperfection process of absorbing and protective layer. The development direction of the technology is also forecasted.
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