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Sun HY, He Y, Qiao SD et al. Highly sensitive and real-simultaneous CH4/C2H2 dual-gas LITES sensor based on Lissajous pattern multi-pass cell. Opto-Electron Sci 3, 240013 (2024). doi: 10.29026/oes.2024.240013
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Article Open Access
Highly sensitive and real-simultaneous CH4/C2H2 dual-gas LITES sensor based on Lissajous pattern multi-pass cell
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Abstract
In this paper, a novel highly sensitive methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2) dual-gas light-induced thermoelectric spectroscopy (LITES) sensor based on Lissajous space-division multiplexed (LSDM) technology and trapezoidal-head quartz tuning fork (QTF) detector was reported for the first time. A theoretical LSDM model was established on the basis of three-mirror astigmatic multi-pass cell (MPC) and it was used to design a pair of Lissajous spot patterns with optical path length to volume ratios (OPL/Vs) of 13.5 cm-2 and 13.3 cm-2, respectively. Two self-designed trapezoidal-head QTFs with low resonant frequencies of less than 10 kHz and quality factor of ~12000 were adopted to enhance the detection ability. Two kinds of fiber amplifier, erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and Raman fiber amplifier (RFA), were combined to amplify the output power of two diode lasers to improve the excitation strength. After optimization, minimum detection limit (MDL) of 268.8 ppb and 91.4 ppb for real-simultaneous CH4 and C2H2 sensing were obtained, respectively. When the integration time of the system were 150 s and 100 s, the MDLs could be improved to 54.8 ppb and 26.1 ppb, accordingly. Further improvement methods for such sensor were discussed. -
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References
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Sun HY, He Y, Qiao SD et al. Highly sensitive and real-simultaneous CH4/C2H2 dual-gas LITES sensor based on Lissajous pattern multi-pass cell. Opto-Electron Sci 3, 240013 (2024). doi: 10.29026/oes.2024.240013
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Figure 1.
Structure diagram of three-mirror astigmatic MPC. L: long side of mirrors; W: wide side of mirrors; d: distance from mirror to the origin; α: angle between mirrors; θ: the angle between the incident laser and the z axis; φ: the angle between the projection of the incident ray in the x-y plane and the x axis.
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Figure 2.
(a) Simulated results of dual-path Lissajous patterns on three mirrors. (b) The diagram of double optical paths in Lissajous patterns MPC.
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Figure 3.
(a) Measured distribution of dual-path Lissajous patterns on three mirrors. (b) The picture of the three mirrors MPC with dual-path Lissajous pattern.
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Figure 4.
Schematic diagram of simultaneous CH4/C2H2 dual-gas LITES sensor based on LSDM-MPC and trapezoidal-head QTF. RFA: Raman fiber amplifier; EDFA: Erbium doped fiber amplifier; C-lens: collimating lens; F-lens: focusing lenses; QTF: quartz tuning fork.
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Figure 5.
(a) The responses of PD1 to path 1 and path 2, respectively. Insert: The absorbance of 200 ppm CH4 at
6057.08 cm−1. (b) The responses of PD2 to path 1 and path 2, respectively. Insert: The absorbance of 200 ppm C2H2 at6534.37 cm−1. -
Figure 6.
Frequency response of the trapezoidal-head QTF1 and QTF2 in the dual-gas LITES sensor.
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Figure 7.
(a) 2f signal amplitude of 200 ppm CH4 with different modulation depth based LITES sensor. (b) 2f signal amplitude of 200 ppm C2H2 with different modulation depth based LITES sensor.
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Figure 8.
(a) Relationship between 2f peak value of CH4 LITES and output power of RFA. Insert: 2f WMS signal waveform of CH4. (b) Relationship between 2f signal amplitude of C2H2 LITES and output power of EDFA. Insert: 2f WMS signal waveform of C2H2.
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Figure 9.
(a) Noise level and SNR of CH4 detection with different output power of RFA. Insert: Noise signal at maximum output power of RFA. (b) Noise level and SNR of C2H2 detection with different output power of EDFA. Insert: Noise signal at maximum output power of EDFA.
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Figure 10.
(a) Concentration responses of dual-gas LITES sensor based on LSDM-MPC and trapezoidal-head QTF. (b) The linear relationship between 2f signal amplitude and concentration of CH4 and C2H2.
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Figure 11.
(a) Continuous noise detection in CH4 LITES sensor. (b) Normal distribution of experimental points for noise detection. (c) Allan variance analysis of path 1 for CH4 detection.
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Figure 12.
(a) Continuous noise detection in C2H2 LITES sensor. (b) Normal distribution of experimental points for noise detection. (c) Allan variance analysis of path 2 for C2H2 detection.
