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Chen SR, Ha YL, Zhang F et al. Towards the performance limit of catenary meta-optics via field-driven optimization. Opto-Electron Adv 7, 230145 (2024). doi: 10.29026/oea.2024.230145
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Article Open Access
Towards the performance limit of catenary meta-optics via field-driven optimization
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Abstract
Catenary optics enables metasurfaces with higher efficiency and wider bandwidth, and is highly anticipated in the imaging system, super-resolution lithography, and broadband absorbers. However, the periodic boundary approximation without considering aperiodic electromagnetic crosstalk poses challenges for catenary optical devices to reach their performance limits. Here, perfect control of both local geometric and propagation phases is realized through field-driven optimization, in which the field distribution is calculated under real boundary conditions. Different from other optimization methods requiring a mass of iterations, the proposed design method requires less than ten iterations to get the efficiency close to the optimal value. Based on the library of shape-optimized catenary structures, centimeter-scale devices can be designed in ten seconds, with the performance improved by ~15%. Furthermore, this method has the ability to extend catenary-like continuous structures to arbitrary polarization, including both linear and elliptical polarizations, which is difficult to achieve with traditional design methods. It provides a way for the development of catenary optics and serves as a potent tool for constructing high-performance optical devices.-
Keywords:
- catenary optics /
- catenary structures /
- field-driven optimization
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References
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Supplementary information for Towards the performance limit of catenary meta-optics via field-driven optimization 
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Chen SR, Ha YL, Zhang F et al. Towards the performance limit of catenary meta-optics via field-driven optimization. Opto-Electron Adv 7, 230145 (2024). doi: 10.29026/oea.2024.230145
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Figure 1.
Schematic of a one-dimensional (1D) metalens composed of catenary-like structures. The metalens converges the incident light onto the focal spot. The FDO method is utilized to correct the propagation phases of the metalens.
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Figure 2.
(a) Top views of the initial and optimized catenary and catenary-like optical devices with a diffraction angle of 45°. (b) Schematic of the diffraction efficiencies (Eff.) of the devices with diffraction angles of α = 45° and 75°.
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Figure 3.
(a) Evolution of the efficiencies of the catenary-like 1D metalens with CP incidence. (b) The normalized light intensity distributions on the focal plane of the initial and optimized metalenses with CP incidence. (c) The distribution of light intensity on the XoZ plane with CP incidence. (d–f) The efficiencies and light intensity distributions of the metalenses with LP incidence.
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Figure 4.
(a) Schematic of the catenary library. The inner dashed box part indicates the continuous part of the catenaries; the outer box part denotes the part of the rectangles. (b, c) The efficiencies of the equal-width catenary arrays (dashed lines), optimized catenary arrays via the FDO method (solid lines), and the predicted catenary arrays via the library (*). (d) The efficiencies of the catenary-like metalenses with equal width and predicted width, with NA ranging from 0.1 to 0.7.
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Figure 5.
(a) The scanning electron microscope image of the metalens designed using the library with NA=0.3 and Dlens=6000 μm. (b) The experimental focusing efficiencies of the metalenses with NA=0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. (c) The experimental zero-order efficiencies. (d–f) Comparison of the background noise at the focal plane of the catenary-like metalenses with equal-width and predicted-width overexposure.
