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Jiang SL, Chen FF, Zhao Y, Gao SF, Wang YY et al. Broadband all-fiber optical phase modulator based on photo-thermal effect in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber. Opto-Electron Adv 6, 220085 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oea.2023.220085
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Broadband all-fiber optical phase modulator based on photo-thermal effect in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber
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Abstract
We report broadband all-fiber optical phase modulation based on the photo-thermal effect in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber. The phase modulation dynamics are studied by multi-physics simulation. A phase modulator is fabricated using a 5.6-cm-long anti-resonant hollow-core fiber with pure acetylene filling. It has a half-wave optical power of 289 mW at 100 kHz and an average insertion loss 0.6 dB over a broad wavelength range from 1450 to 1650 nm. The rise and fall time constants are 3.5 and 3.7 μs, respectively, 2–3 orders of magnitude better than the previously reported microfiber-based photo-thermal phase modulators. The gas-filled hollow-core waveguide configuration is promising for optical phase modulation from ultraviolet to mid-infrared which is challenging to achieve with solid optical fibers.-
Keywords:
- optical modulators /
- photo-thermal effects /
- hollow-core fibers
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References
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Jiang SL, Chen FF, Zhao Y, Gao SF, Wang YY et al. Broadband all-fiber optical phase modulator based on photo-thermal effect in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber. Opto-Electron Adv 6, 220085 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oea.2023.220085
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Figure 1.
(a) Schematic showing the principle of HCF-based PT phase modulator. (b) Calculated absorption coefficient of the P(9) line of pure C2H2 at 1 atm as a function of T by use of HITRAN database22. (c) Transverse distribution of T and p calculated by using COMSOL Multiphysics with Pctrl=500 mW and f=100 kHz. (d) Variation of local phase modulation with a step length of 1 mm and accumulated phase modulation along the length of an acetylene-filled HCF.
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Figure 2.
(a) Schematic diagram and (b) photo of the fabricated gas-filled hollow-core fiber phase modulator. (c) Measured loss spectrum of the phase modulator. (d) Experimental setup for characterizing the phase modulator. TECF: thermal-expanded core fiber, DFB: distributed feedback laser, FG: function generator, AOM: acoustic optical modulator, EDFA: erbium-doped fiber amplifier, WDM: wavelength-division multiplexer, PZT: piezoelectric transducer, PC: polarization controller, PD: photodetector, OSC: oscilloscope, LPF: low-pass filter.
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Figure 3.
Characteristics of the HCF-based PT phase modulator with a modulation frequency of 100 kHz. (a) MZI output waveforms with different Pctrl in the AR-HCF. (b) Phase modulation amplitude as a function of Pctrl. (c) Wavelength dependence of phase modulation amplitude for Pctrl=502 mW.
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Figure 4.
(a) Frequency response of phase modulation with Pctrl =502 mW. (b) Transient response detected by use of the MZI for control light beam pulse width of 50 μs.
