| Citation: |
Huang YJ, Xiao TX, Chen S, Xie ZW, Zheng J et al. All-optical controlled-NOT logic gate achieving directional asymmetric transmission based on metasurface doublet. Opto-Electron Adv 6, 220073 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oea.2023.220073
|
Since the information processing efficiency for traditional electron-based computing technology with excessive Ohmic loss is intrinsically limited by the RC delay as well as the data transfer speed among different modules, optical computing is a promising alternative1, 2. Due to its unique properties of ultrahigh processing speed, ultralow power consumption and parallel operation capability for ref.3, 4, optical computing has been treated as a potential platform to meet the demands for large calculation amount and low-cost energy consumption. Akin to its electron-based counterpart, logic operations are also required in optical circuits to lay the foundation for the implementation of computing. Therefore, constructing and exploring all-optical logic gates (LGs) with robust performance, complete logic function and ease of implementation is now a hotspot in the fields of optics, plasmonics and photonics5.
To date, although many related works have been reported to achieve all-optical logic operations based on linear or nonlinear optical effects, their performances are still limited by their intrinsic drawbacks. For nonlinear cases6-8, since the optical LGs are mostly based on the third-order nonlinear susceptibility that heavily depends on the precise manipulation of control light and pump light, the robustness for these devices can hardly meet the requirements for practical applications. For linear cases, the methodologies mainly include interference effects and on-chip plasmonic effects9-12. The limitation for the former one is the rigid interference conditions and complicated optical paths, which lead to performance instability as well as device cumbersome11, 12, while the latter one is restricted by stringent demand for the size of input beams to avoid cross talk and false output9, 10.
Metasurface, as a kind of artificial surface composed of subwavelength unit cells, has attracted much attention in recent years due to its unique properties such as small footprints, flexible functions and planar geometries13-17. By ingeniously aligning the meta atoms and choosing proper materials, many novel phenomena and applications have been witnessed including electromagnetic absorption18-23, flat lensing24-28, surface cloaking29, 30, polarization control31-36 and meta-hologram37-40. Recently, metasurface-based all-optical LGs were also proposed that have already manifested many exotic advantages over the traditional counterparts due to their more compact structures and higher operation efficiency5, 41-43. However, most of the presented works only realized basic LGs with “AND”, “OR” or “NOT” operations, while additional logic operations will be needed for practical application.
Here, in order to further enhance the operation robustness and miniature of the optical device, we propose a metasurface-based all-optical LG with simple yet generalized methodology. Distinct from previously reported works that need specific manipulations for the incident light, this designed all-optical LG exhibits a highly efficient response simply under plane wave incidence according to its incident direction and spin state. Besides, it possesses multiple-input-output states that behave as a controlled-NOT (CNOT) LG. Similar to its quantum counterpart44, 45, control signal (CS) ε1 and target signal (TS) ε2 are two basic elements in the all-optical CNOT LG. Mathematically, such operation can be described as:
| |ϵ1⟩|ϵ2⟩→|ϵ1⟩|ϵ1⊕ϵ2⟩, | (1) |
where ε1,2=0 or 1 describes their incident states and ⊕ denotes the logic modulation. As shown in Eq. (1), the input CS determines the change of TS and the value of CS is invariant during the operation. Therefore, the CNOT LG can be expressed by the unitary operation:
| |00⟩|01⟩|10⟩|11⟩|00⟩|01⟩|10⟩|11⟩(1000010000010010). | (2) |
Equation (2) shows that if the input CS equals “0”, the output TS maintains its value. Otherwise, the output TS will be altered accordingly (“0” to “1” or “1” to “0”). To further present the working mechanism of the proposed metasurface-based CNOT LG, Fig. 1 shows the far-field responses after incident light passing through the metasurface doublet under different conditions. It can be inferred that four diverse responses can be obtained, which perfectly match with the demand for aforementioned CNOT LG. In this case, CS is the spin state of incident light, while its incident direction is TS.
To illustrate the mechanism for the aforementioned all-optical CNOT LG, we begin with the analysis of a typical anisotropic unit cell as shown in Fig. 2(a). According to the theory of geometric phase (also known as Pancharatnam-Berry phase)46, when plane wave E impinges on such transparent optical scatterer, the transmission electromagnetic field E' can be linked with E by a Jones matrix as
| E′=(cosδ2isinδ2e−2iφisinδ2e2iφcosδ2)E, | (3) |
where δ is the phase difference between orthogonal linear polarizations, φ is the orientation angle between the unit cell main axis and x axis. Therefore, Eq. (3) can be further simplified as
| E′=cos(δ2)E−isin(δ2)×[⟨E|ERR⟩exp(−i2φ)|L⟩+⟨E|ELL⟩exp(i2φ)|R⟩], | (4) |
where |L⟩ and |R⟩ denote left- (LCP) and right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) waves, respectively. The first term in the right side of Eq. (4) indicates that a part of the output beam keeps the same polarization as the incidence without phase shift, while the second term shows that another part of the output beam will reverse its spin and acquire an extra phase shift depending on φ, which is defined as geometric phase. Thus, in order to increase the operation efficiency, the ideal unit cell for most of the geometric phase based metasurfaces is a high-performance half wave plate (HHWP) with δ=π and the co-polarized transmitted waves are generally treated as noises. Since incident light with opposite spins will experience reversed phase shifts, these metasurfaces exhibit conjugated directional performance as shown in
To break the spin-dependent directional transmission conjugation, we propose a metasurface doublet with a metasurface (M1) composed of HHWP unit cells at the front side and another metasurface (M2) composed of low-performance half wave plate (LHWP) unit cells with δ=π/2 at the back side. In the simulation, the device is all-silicon with permittivity obtained from measurement49 and the details are given in the Experimental section. It can be inferred from Fig. 2(b) and 2(f) that the polarization conversion ratio (defined as the transmittance of cross-polarized light to transmitted light) at 28.3 THz is larger than 98% for HHWP unit cell and about 50% for LHWP unit cell. Besides, the simulated phase delays in Fig. 2(b) and 2(f) are well accorded with the geometric phase that the implemented phase θ of the unit cells is solely dependent on their orientation angle φ with θ=±2φ，where ± is determined by the incident spin. Therefore, the transmitted light can be fully manipulated by the HHWP unit cells, while only half of the transmitted light is manipulated by the LHWP unit cells.
In order to achieve highly efficient all-optical CNOT LG, M1 is designed as a convex lens for LCP front (RCP back) incidence with focal distance f1, and M2 is also designed as a convex lens for LCP front (RCP back) incidence with focal distance f2. Therefore, due to the transmission conjugation of the geometric phase, both metalenses are concave lenses for RCP front incidence and LCP back incidence with focal distances –f1 and –f2, respectively. In this case, the transmitted field under certain incident direction and spin state can be calculated simply by geometric optics50.
To further illustrate this issue, Fig. 3 depicts corresponding numerical results based on vectorial diffraction theory51. In this case, the phase delay and the transmitted amplitude of the metasurface doublet are retrieved from the simulated results for the unit cells. The diameter of the metasurface doublet is d1=6 mm, the focal distances f1 and f2 are set as 3d1 and 9d2. It can be inferred that focal spots can be observed at two locations at z=18 mm (f1, white dashed lines) and 27 mm (f3, blue dashed lines), which matches well with the results calculated by geometric optics. The calculated intensity contrast ratio (ICR) is defined as ICR=I1/I0, where I1 and I0 indicate the intensity at a certain position, and the subscripts (1 or 0) are according with those in the insets of Fig. 3. The calculated
As a proof of concept, corresponding experiments are carried out as shown in Fig. 4. Figure 4(a) depicts SEM images of the fabricated M1 and M2 with negligible surface roughness and vertical sidewalls with a sidewall angle >80° (details of the fabrication process is given in the Experimental section). The schematic illustration of the measurement setup is shown in Fig. 4(b) and the optical path in experiment is shown in
In fact, except for the above mentioned case, the focal spot can also be shaped by adding extra phase shifts. For example,
In fact, from the perspective of geometric optics, the proposed device in Fig. 3 can also be treated as a spin-selective directional metalens. Different from previously reported works with symmetrical and fixed imaging performance24, 25, the proposed metasurface doublet has the capability to adjust the focal distance (as shown in Fig. 3(c) and 3(d)) or achieve dual imaging at two image planes (as shown in Fig. 3(b)), which may find many exciting applications for chiral sensing and imaging57-59. Besides, since the polarization conversion ratios for the fabricated HHWP and LHWP unit cells may differ from the simulated results due to the imperfection of fabrication, we also discuss the influence of such deviation on the performance of the proposed devices in the Supplementary information.
In summary, we propose a simple yet powerful design methodology to achieve an all-optical CNOT LG with metasurface doublet. By ingeniously aligning two metasurfaces with different polarization conversion ratios and phase distributions, multiple input-output performance can be realized depending on the incident spin state and direction. Both theoretical and measured results demonstrate the robustness and broadband nature of the designed device. Furthermore, a CNOT LG-based Janus metasurface is also characterized and shows that the asymmetric electromagnetic transmission can be achieved for orthogonal circularly polarized incidence. Since the design method is derived from geometric optics, it can be easily extended to other part of the spectrum, which will enable more fascinating applications in optical computing, chiral optics and electromagnetic communications.
Numerical simulation: Considering the symmetry of the structure, to reduce the amount of calculation, the simulated results in Fig. 2 were obtained using the finite element method in CST Microwave Studio with unit cell boundaries in xy directions and open boundary in z direction. A fine tetrahedral mesh was applied with adaptive mesh refinement to ensure the accuracy of the results. The magnetic field distributions were calculated by using the build-in magnetic field monitors in CST Microwave Studio.
Device fabrication: The schematic diagram of the fabrication process is shown in
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12104326, 12104329 and 62105228), Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2022NSFSC2000) and the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering. P. Müller-Buschbaum acknowledges funding by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany´s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2089/1 – 390776260 (e-conversion) and TUM.solar in the context of the Bavarian Collaborative Research Project Solar Technologies Go Hybrid (SolTech). T. Xiao is grateful for the support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC).
Y. Huang and T. Xiao proposed the original idea. L. Li and P. Müller-Buschbaum supervised the project. Z. Xie, J. Zheng and J. Zhu participated the discussion of the research. S. Chen, Y. Su and W. Chen carried out the experiments and collected the data. Y. Huang, K. Liu and M. Tang analyzed all data. Y. Huang and L. Li wrote the paper. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
†These authors contributed equally to this work
| [1] | Caulfield HJ, Dolev S. Why future supercomputing requires optics. Nat Photonics 4, 261–263 (2010). doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2010.94 |
| [2] | Kirchain R, Kimerling L. A roadmap for nanophotonics. Nat Photonics 1, 303–305 (2007). doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2007.84 |
| [3] | Silva A, Monticone F, Castaldi G, Galdi V, Alù A et al. Performing mathematical operations with metamaterials. Science 343, 160–163 (2014). doi: 10.1126/science.1242818 |
| [4] | Zhu TF, Zhou YH, Lou YJ, Ye H, Qiu M et al. Plasmonic computing of spatial differentiation. Nat Commun 8, 15391 (2017). doi: 10.1038/ncomms15391 |
| [5] | Qian C, Lin X, Lin XB, Xu J, Sun Y et al. Performing optical logic operations by a diffractive neural network. Light Sci Appl 9, 59 (2020). doi: 10.1038/s41377-020-0303-2 |
| [6] | McCutcheon MW, Rieger GW, Young JF, Dalacu D, Poole PJ et al. All-optical conditional logic with a nonlinear photonic crystal nanocavity. Appl Phys Lett 95, 221102 (2009). doi: 10.1063/1.3265736 |
| [7] | Tucker RS. The role of optics in computing. Nat Photonics 4, 405 (2010). doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2010.162 |
| [8] | Xu QF, Lipson M. All-optical logic based on silicon micro-ring resonators. Opt Express 15, 924–929 (2007). doi: 10.1364/OE.15.000924 |
| [9] | Sang YG, Wu XJ, Raja SS, Wang CY, Li HZ et al. Broadband multifunctional plasmonic logic gates. Adv Opt Mater 6, 1701368 (2018). doi: 10.1002/adom.201701368 |
| [10] | Fu YL, Hu XY, Lu CC, Yue S, Yang H et al. All-optical logic gates based on nanoscale plasmonic slot waveguides. Nano Lett 12, 5784–5790 (2012). doi: 10.1021/nl303095s |
| [11] | Liu Q, Ouyang ZB, Wu CJ, Liu CP, Wang JC. All-optical half adder based on cross structures in two-dimensional photonic crystals. Opt Express 16, 18992–19000 (2008). doi: 10.1364/OE.16.018992 |
| [12] | Zavalin AI, Shamir J, Vikram CS, Caulfield HJ. Achieving stabilization in interferometric logic operations. Appl Opt 45, 360–365 (2006). doi: 10.1364/AO.45.000360 |
| [13] | Luo XG, Pu MB, Guo YH, Li X, Zhang F et al. Catenary functions meet electromagnetic waves: opportunities and promises. Adv Opt Mater 8, 2001194 (2020). doi: 10.1002/adom.202001194 |
| [14] | Krasikov S, Tranter A, Bogdanov A, Kivshar Y. Intelligent metaphotonics empowered by machine learning. Opto-Electron Adv 5, 210147 (2022). doi: 10.29026/oea.2022.210147 |
| [15] | Zeng C, Lu H, Mao D, Du YQ, Hua H et al. Graphene-empowered dynamic metasurfaces and metadevices. Opto-Electron Adv 5, 200098 (2022). doi: 10.29026/oea.2022.200098 |
| [16] | Luo XG. Metamaterials and metasurfaces. Adv Opt Mater 7, 1900885 (2019). doi: 10.1002/adom.201900885 |
| [17] | Luo XG. Metasurface waves in digital optics. J Phys Photonics 2, 041003 (2020). doi: 10.1088/2515-7647/ab9bf8 |
| [18] | Huang YJ, Luo J, Pu MB, Guo YH, Zhao ZY et al. Catenary electromagnetics for ultra-broadband lightweight absorbers and large-scale flat antennas. Adv Sci 6, 1801691 (2019). doi: 10.1002/advs.201801691 |
| [19] | Yu P, Besteiro LV, Huang YJ, Wu J, Fu L et al. Broadband metamaterial absorbers. Adv Opt Mater 7, 1800995 (2019). doi: 10.1002/adom.201800995 |
| [20] | Huang YJ, Xiao TX, Xie ZW, Zheng J, Su YR et al. Multistate nonvolatile metamirrors with tunable optical chirality. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13, 45890–45897 (2021). doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c14204 |
| [21] | Cao T, Lian M, Chen XY, Mao LB, Liu K et al. Multi-cycle reconfigurable THz extraordinary optical transmission using chalcogenide metamaterials. Opto-Electron Sci 1, 210010 (2022). |
| [22] | Song MW, Wang D, Peana S, Choudhury S, Nyga P et al. Colors with plasmonic nanostructures: a full-spectrum review. Appl Phys Rev 6, 041308 (2019). doi: 10.1063/1.5110051 |
| [23] | Song MW, Wang D, Kudyshev ZA, Xuan Y, Wang ZX et al. Enabling optical steganography, data storage, and encryption with plasmonic colors. Laser Photonics Rev 15, 2000343 (2021). doi: 10.1002/lpor.202000343 |
| [24] | Wang SM, Wu PC, Su VC, Lai YC, Chen MK et al. A broadband achromatic metalens in the visible. Nat Nanotechnol 13, 227–232 (2018). doi: 10.1038/s41565-017-0052-4 |
| [25] | Chen WT, Zhu AY, Sanjeev V, Khorasaninejad M, Shi ZJ et al. A broadband achromatic metalens for focusing and imaging in the visible. Nat Nanotechnol 13, 220–226 (2018). doi: 10.1038/s41565-017-0034-6 |
| [26] | Qin F, Liu BQ, Zhu LW, Lei J, Fang W et al. π-phase modulated monolayer supercritical lens. Nat Commun 12, 32 (2021). doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20278-x |
| [27] | Wang YL, Fan QB, Xu T. Design of high efficiency achromatic metalens with large operation bandwidth using bilayer architecture. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 200008 (2021). |
| [28] | Fan QB, Xu WZ, Hu XM, Zhu WQ, Yue T et al. Trilobite-inspired neural nanophotonic light-field camera with extreme depth-of-field. Nat Commun 13, 2130 (2022). doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29568-y |
| [29] | Yang YH, Jing LQ, Zheng B, Hao R, Yin WY et al. Full-polarization 3D metasurface cloak with preserved amplitude and phase. Adv Mater 28, 6866–6871 (2016). doi: 10.1002/adma.201600625 |
| [30] | Qian C, Zheng B, Shen YC, Jing L, Li EP et al. Deep-learning-enabled self-adaptive microwave cloak without human intervention. Nat Photonics 14, 383–390 (2020). doi: 10.1038/s41566-020-0604-2 |
| [31] | Yue Z, Li JT, Li J, Zheng CL, Liu JY et al. Terahertz metasurface zone plates with arbitrary polarizations to a fixed polarization conversion. Opto-Electron Sci 1, 210014 (2022). doi: 10.29026/oes.2022.210014 |
| [32] | Chen Y, Yang XD, Gao J. 3D Janus plasmonic helical nanoapertures for polarization-encrypted data storage. Light Sci Appl 8, 45 (2019). doi: 10.1038/s41377-019-0156-8 |
| [33] | Huo PC, Zhang S, Fan QB, Lu YQ, Xu T. Photonic spin-controlled generation and transformation of 3D optical polarization topologies enabled by all-dielectric metasurfaces. Nanoscale 11, 10646–10654 (2019). doi: 10.1039/C8NR09697J |
| [34] | Han BW, Li SJ, Li ZY, Huang GS, Tian JH et al. Asymmetric transmission for dual-circularly and linearly polarized waves based on a chiral metasurface. Opt Express 29, 19643–19654 (2021). doi: 10.1364/OE.425787 |
| [35] | Li ZY, Li SJ, Han BW, Huang GS, Guo ZX et al. Quad-band transmissive metasurface with linear to dual-circular polarization conversion simultaneously. Adv Theory Simul 4, 2100117 (2021). doi: 10.1002/adts.202100117 |
| [36] | Li SJ, Li ZY, Han BW, Huang GS, Liu XB et al. Multifunctional coding metasurface with left and right circularly polarized and multiple beams. Front Mater 9, 854062 (2022). doi: 10.3389/fmats.2022.854062 |
| [37] | Li X, Chen LW, Li Y, Zhang XH, Pu MB et al. Multicolor 3D meta-holography by broadband plasmonic modulation. Sci Adv 2, e1601102 (2016). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1601102 |
| [38] | Zhang XH, Pu MB, Guo YH, Jin JJ, Li X et al. Colorful metahologram with independently controlled images in transmission and reflection spaces. Adv Funct Mater 29, 1809145 (2019). doi: 10.1002/adfm.201809145 |
| [39] | Huang YJ, Xiao TX, Xie ZW, Zheng J, Su YR et al. Single-layered reflective metasurface achieving simultaneous spin-selective perfect absorption and efficient wavefront manipulation. Adv Opt Mater 9, 2001663 (2021). doi: 10.1002/adom.202001663 |
| [40] | Gao H, Fan XH, Xiong W, Hong MH. Recent advances in optical dynamic meta-holography. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 210030 (2021). doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.210030 |
| [41] | Meymand RE, Soleymani A, Granpayeh N. All-optical AND, OR, and XOR logic gates based on coherent perfect absorption in graphene-based metasurface at terahertz region. Opt Commun 458, 124772 (2020). doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2019.124772 |
| [42] | Zhang ZJ, Yang JB, Bai W, Han YX, He X et al. All-optical switch and logic gates based on hybrid silicon-Ge2Sb2Te5 metasurfaces. Appl Opt 58, 7392–7396 (2019). doi: 10.1364/AO.58.007392 |
| [43] | Zhao ZH, Wang Y, Ding XM, Li HY, Fu JH et al. Compact logic operator utilizing a single-layer metasurface. Photonics Res 10, 316–322 (2022). doi: 10.1364/PRJ.439036 |
| [44] | Gazzano O, Almeida MP, Nowak AK, Portalupi SL, Lemaître A et al. Entangling quantum-logic gate operated with an ultrabright semiconductor single-photon source. Phys Rev Lett 110, 250501 (2013). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.250501 |
| [45] | Schmidt-Kaler F, Häffner H, Riebe M, Gulde S, Lancaster GPT et al. Realization of the Cirac–Zoller controlled-NOT quantum gate. Nature 422, 408–411 (2003). doi: 10.1038/nature01494 |
| [46] | Bliokh KY, Rodríguez-Fortuño FJ, Nori F, Zayats AV. Spin–orbit interactions of light. Nat Photonics 9, 796–808 (2015). doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2015.201 |
| [47] | Mueller JPB, Rubin NA, Devlin RC, Groever B, Capasso F. Metasurface polarization optics: independent phase control of arbitrary orthogonal states of polarization. Phys Rev Lett 118, 113901 (2017). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.113901 |
| [48] | Huo PC, Zhang C, Zhu WQ, Liu MZ, Zhang S et al. Photonic spin-multiplexing metasurface for switchable spiral phase contrast imaging. Nano Lett 20, 2791–2798 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00471 |
| [49] | Zhang F, Pu MB, Li X, Gao P, Ma XL et al. All-dielectric metasurfaces for simultaneous giant circular asymmetric transmission and wavefront shaping based on asymmetric photonic spin–orbit interactions. Adv Funct Mater 27, 1704295 (2017). doi: 10.1002/adfm.201704295 |
| [50] | Mansuripur M. Classical Optics and Its Applications (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002). |
| [51] | Pu MB, Li X, Ma XL, Wang YQ, Zhao ZY et al. Catenary optics for achromatic generation of perfect optical angular momentum. Sci Adv 1, e1500396 (2015). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1500396 |
| [52] | Chen K, Ding GW, Hu GW, Jin ZW, Zhao JM et al. Directional janus metasurface. Adv Mater 32, 1906352 (2020). doi: 10.1002/adma.201906352 |
| [53] | Sun QR, Zhang ZJ, Huang YJ, Ma XL, Pu MB et al. Asymmetric transmission and wavefront manipulation toward dual-frequency meta-holograms. ACS Photonics 6, 1541–1546 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00303 |
| [54] | Georgi P, Wei QS, Sain B, Schlickriede C, Wang YT et al. Optical secret sharing with cascaded metasurface holography. Sci Adv 7, eabf9718 (2021). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9718 |
| [55] | Zhang XH, Li X, Jin JJ, Pu MB, Ma XL et al. Polarization-independent broadband meta-holograms via polarization-dependent nanoholes. Nanoscale 10, 9304–9310 (2018). doi: 10.1039/C7NR08428E |
| [56] | Huang LL, Mühlenbernd H, Li XW, Song X, Bai BF et al. Broadband hybrid holographic multiplexing with geometric metasurfaces. Adv Mater 27, 6444–6449 (2015). doi: 10.1002/adma.201502541 |
| [57] | Groever B, Chen WT, Capasso F. Meta-lens doublet in the visible region. Nano Lett 17, 4902–4907 (2017). doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01888 |
| [58] | Arbabi A, Arbabi E, Kamali SM, Horie Y, Han S et al. Miniature optical planar camera based on a wide-angle metasurface doublet corrected for monochromatic aberrations. Nat Commun 7, 13682 (2016). doi: 10.1038/ncomms13682 |
| [59] | Yu LG, Fan YB, Wang YJ, Zhang C, Yang WH et al. Spin angular momentum controlled multifunctional all-dielectric metasurface doublet. Laser Photonics Rev 14, 1900324 (2020). doi: 10.1002/lpor.201900324 |
| Supplementary information for All-optical controlled-NOT logic gate achieving directional asymmetric transmission based on metasurface doublet |
|
| 1. | Xie, Y., Krasavin, A.V., Roth, D.J. et al. Unidirectional chiral scattering from single enantiomeric plasmonic nanoparticles. Nature Communications, 2025, 16(1): 1125.
|
|
| 2. | Li, D., Gu, M., Li, C. et al. The innovation in planar optics: Technological breakthroughs and application prospects of metalens. Precision Engineering, 2025.
|
|
| 3. | Yang, Z., Deng, C., Zhang, M. et al. Dual-pattern infrared polarization converter based on a double-arrowhead metasurface. Optical Materials Express, 2025, 15(4): 685-697.
|
|
| 4. | Wu, P., Gu, M., Li, C. et al. Research progress on dynamic holographic display technology based on metasurfaces. Optics and Laser Technology, 2025.
|
|
| 5. | Jia, M., Zhao, C., Wang, H. et al. Flexible terahertz beam manipulation and convolution operations in light-controllable digital coding metasurfaces. iScience, 2025, 28(2): 111688.
|
|
| 6. | Zhao, F., Jing, X., Yu, M. Research progress on the principle and application of metalenses based on metasurfaces. Journal of Applied Physics, 2025, 137(5): 050701.
|
|
| 7. | Li, H., Mu, D., Cui, Z. et al. Research on terahertz bessel beams based on metasurface. Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, 2025.
|
|
| 8. | Lu, W., Zhang, W., Song, Q. et al. Terahertz smart devices based on phase change material VO2 and metamaterial graphene that combine thermally adjustable absorption and selective transmission. Optics and Laser Technology, 2025.
|
|
| 9. | Pan, M., Tang, H., Su, J. et al. Four-band tunable narrowband optical absorber built on surface plasmonically patterned square graphene. Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics, 2025.
|
|
| 10. | Sun, J., Chai, Z., Yang, Y. et al. Atomic spin precession electro-optic modulation detection based on guided mode resonant lithium niobate metasurfaces. Nanoscale, 2025, 17(5): 2700-2708.
|
|
| 11. | He, S., Tian, Y., Zhou, H. et al. Review for Micro-Nano Processing Technology of Microstructures and Metadevices. Advanced Functional Materials, 2025.
|
|
| 12. | Zhang, Q., Xu, X., Guo, Y. et al. Scaled transverse translation by planar optical elements for sub-pixel sampling and remote super-resolution imaging. Nanophotonics, 2025.
|
|
| 13. | Zou, J.-H., Sui, J.-Y., Zhang, H.-F. An electromagnetic logic metastructure realizing half addition and half subtraction operations based on a virtual polarizer. Physics of Fluids, 2025, 37(1): 017169.
|
|
| 14. | Kang, M., Chen, L., Qin, S. et al. Bifunctional Electromagnetic Manipulation of Surface Waves Using Metasurfaces Under One Circularly Polarized Incidence. Photonics, 2025, 12(1): 91.
|
|
| 15. | Liu, Y., Gu, M., Tian, Y. et al. 3D Printed Metamaterial Absorber Based on Vanadium Dioxide Phase Transition Control Prepared at Room Temperature. Laser and Photonics Reviews, 2025.
|
|
| 16. | Huang, W.. Novel View Synthesis Based on Similar Perspective. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 2025, 36(1): e70006.
|
|
| 17. | He, L., Chen, K., Sun, T. et al. Research on thermal resistance Performance: Broadband solar absorber based on laminated circular ring − disk microstructure. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2025.
|
|
| 18. | Lu, K., Qi, J., Gu, M. et al. Microfluidic Biosensors Based on Dual-Layer Metasurfaces. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2025, 25(1): 419-425.
|
|
| 19. | Wang, T., Wang, W., Han, W. et al. Dual-band all-optical logic gate based on coherent control principles. Optics Communications, 2025.
|
|
| 20. | Yang, H., Yang, J., Wu, J. A metasurface processor that supports synchronous operation of analog and digital computing. Optics and Laser Technology, 2025.
|
|
| 21. | Zhang, L., Ouyang, C., Wang, P. et al. Non-invasive in-situ monitoring of deep etching processes using terahertz metasurfaces. Optics Express, 2024, 32(26): 46999-47010.
|
|
| 22. | An, K., Ma, C., Sun, T. et al. A perfect ultra-wideband solar absorber with a multilayer stacked structure of Ti–SiO2–GaAs: structure and outstanding characteristics. Dalton Transactions, 2024, 54(4): 1574-1582.
|
|
| 23. | Zhang, L., Zhao, Z., Tao, L. et al. A Review of Cascaded Metasurfaces for Advanced Integrated Devices. Micromachines, 2024, 15(12): 1482.
|
|
| 24. | Li, Y., Liu, F., Zheng, M. et al. Reconfigurable metasurface design with hallucination and stealth capabilities. European Physical Journal D, 2024, 78(12): 148.
|
|
| 25. | Zhu, W., Fang, B., Guo, H. et al. Development of a broadband and high-absorption graphene thermoelectric terahertz power meter. Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing, 2024, 130(12): 948.
|
|
| 26. | Solati Masouleh, S., Hosseininejad, S.E. Terahertz beam shaping using space-time phase-only coded metasurfaces. Nano Communication Networks, 2024.
|
|
| 27. | Ke, L., Yang, Y., Zhu, M. et al. Tight focusing of fractional-order topological charge vector beams by cascading metamaterials and metalens. Microsystems and Nanoengineering, 2024, 10(1): 146.
|
|
| 28. | Wei, X., Sun, Y., Liang, Y. et al. Multiband and bidirectional multiplexing asymmetric optical transmission empowered by nanograting-coupled defective multilayer photonic crystal. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1): 21190.
|
|
| 29. | Wu, Y., Tao, W., Zhao, F. et al. Review for metamaterials and metasurfaces based on vanadium dioxide phase change materials. Optics and Laser Technology, 2024.
|
|
| 30. | Qiao, J., Feng, G., Yao, G. et al. Research progress on the principle and application of multi-dimensional information encryption based on metasurface. Optics and Laser Technology, 2024.
|
|
| 31. | Lin, C.-Y., Huang, J.-H., Su, H.-T. et al. Directionally Asymmetric in Orbital Angular Momentum Generation Using Single-Layer Dielectric Janus Metasurfaces. Advanced Optical Materials, 2024, 12(31): 2401335.
|
|
| 32. | Cheng, X., Jin, Y., Tang, Y. et al. Image wireless transmission based on microwave digital coding metasurfaces. Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics, 2024, 41(11): D31-D39.
|
|
| 33. | He, X., Li, C., Fang, B. et al. Multichannel information transmission via a dual-frequency point space-time coding metasurface. Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics, 2024, 41(11): D15-D23.
|
|
| 34. | Huang, W., Li, C., Tian, Y. Far field ring beam generation based on 3-bit encoded metasurface. Journal of Optics (United Kingdom), 2024, 26(11): 115102.
|
|
| 35. | Kim, H., Jung, J., Shin, J. Bidirectional Vectorial Holography Using Bi-Layer Metasurfaces and Its Application to Optical Encryption. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(44): 2406717.
|
|
| 36. | Xu, X., Zheng, S., Ke, S. et al. Holographic multiplexing recording with an orthogonal polarized array. Optics Express, 2024, 32(21): 36405-36419.
|
|
| 37. | Liu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, C. et al. All-dielectric double-layer honeycomb tunable metamaterial absorber with integrated gold nanoparticles. Photonics Research, 2024, 12(10): 2344-2353.
|
|
| 38. | He, X., Li, Y., Tang, Y. et al. Review for wireless communication system based on space–time-coding digital metasurfaces. Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, 2024, 130(10): 187.
|
|
| 39. | Liu, X., Li, Y., Yao, G. et al. Perfect vortex beams generation based on reflective geometric phase metasurfaces. Chinese Journal of Physics, 2024.
|
|
| 40. | Zhu, Z., Li, Y., Cui, F. et al. Coding Metasurface Beam Modulation Based on Phase Change Materials. Brazilian Journal of Physics, 2024, 54(5): 175.
|
|
| 41. | Xin, H., Feng, G., Wang, Q. et al. Multi-channel vortex beam based on single layer transmission-type metal metasurface. Optics and Laser Technology, 2024.
|
|
| 42. | Tao, W., Wu, Y., Zhao, F. et al. Research progress in metamaterials and metasurfaces based on the phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5. Optics and Laser Technology, 2024.
|
|
| 43. | Kuang, K., Wang, Q., Chang, F. et al. Theoretical study of an electrochemically controlled polymer nanoantenna for optical switch. Applied Optics, 2024, 63(26): 6872-6879.
|
|
| 44. | Peng, S., Wang, T., Shaikh, M.S. et al. Enhanced near-infrared absorption in Au-hyperdoped Si: interplay between mid-gap states and plasmon resonance. Optics Express, 2024, 32(19): 32966-32976.
|
|
| 45. | Ou, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, F. et al. High-efficiency and broadband asymmetric spin–orbit interaction based on high-order composite phase modulation. Nanophotonics, 2024, 13(22): 4203-4210.
|
|
| 46. | Zheng, R., Yi, Y., Song, Q. et al. Dual-Tuned Terahertz Absorption Device Based on Vanadium Dioxide Phase Transition Properties. Materials, 2024, 17(17): 4287.
|
|
| 47. | Zhu, J., Li, C., Fang, B. et al. Advancements in biosensing detection based on terahertz metasurfaces. Optics and Laser Technology, 2024.
|
|
| 48. | Qi, P., Yuan, X., Zhang, D. et al. Comprehensive design of all-optical logic devices utilizing polarization holography. Optics Express, 2024, 32(17): 30419-30435.
|
|
| 49. | Chen, Y., Zhang, S., Tian, Y. et al. Focus control of wide-angle metalens based on digitally encoded metasurface. Opto-Electronic Advances, 2024, 7(8): 240095.
|
|
| 50. | Sande, S.I., Deng, Y., Bozhevolnyi, S.I. et al. Spin-controlled generation of a complete polarization set with randomly-interleaved plasmonic metasurfaces. Opto-Electronic Advances, 2024, 7(8): 240076.
|
|
| 51. | Gan, S., Zhao, T., Mei, X. et al. Broadband Spin-Selective Wavefront Manipulations with Generalized Pancharatnam–Berry Phase Metasurface. Photonics, 2024, 11(8): 690.
|
|
| 52. | Xu, J., Xu, P., Yang, Z. et al. Freeform metasurface design with a conditional generative adversarial network. Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing, 2024, 130(8): 530.
|
|
| 53. | Yang, Z., Wang, X., Jin, Y. et al. Calculation and experiment of carpet illusionary cloaking modeling based on coding metasurface. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2024.
|
|
| 54. | Bao, H., Zhang, F., Pu, M. et al. Field-Driven Inverse Design of High-Performance Polarization-Multiplexed Meta-devices. Laser and Photonics Reviews, 2024, 18(8): 2301158.
|
|
| 55. | Xu, T., Yi, Y., Song, Q. et al. Design of a Far-Infrared Broadband Metamaterial Absorber with High Absorption and Ultra-Broadband. Coatings, 2024, 14(7): 799.
|
|
| 56. | Chen, P., Yi, Y., Song, Q. et al. Simulation and Analysis of a Near-Perfect Solar Absorber Based on SiO2-Ti Cascade Optical Cavity. Photonics, 2024, 11(7): 604.
|
|
| 57. | Li, Y., Xu, J., Liu, F. et al. Broadband achromatic transmission stealth cloak based on all dielectric metasurfaces. Physica Scripta, 2024, 99(7): 075536.
|
|
| 58. | Li, Y., Xu, J., Liu, F. et al. Design and Analysis of Terahertz Wave Tunable Metamaterial with High Refractive Index. Silicon, 2024, 16(11): 4621-4633.
|
|
| 59. | Lu, W., Wu, P., Bian, L. et al. Perfect adjustable absorber based on Dirac semi-metal high sensitivity four-band high frequency detection. Optics and Laser Technology, 2024.
|
|
| 60. | Chen, J., Hong, L., Lei, J. et al. High-Performance Terahertz Coherent Perfect Absorption with Asymmetric Graphene Metasurface. Photonics, 2024, 11(6): 544.
|
|
| 61. | Liu, W., Li, J. Simulation Study on Tunable Terahertz Bandpass Filter Based on Metal–Silicon–Metal Metasurface. Photonics, 2024, 11(6): 559.
|
|
| 62. | Zhang, R., Qiao, S., Luo, Y. et al. Structured-Light 3D Imaging Based on Vector Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm. Nanomaterials, 2024, 14(11): 929.
|
|
| 63. | Hu, Y., Zhang, W., Chen, Y. et al. Deep-learning-assisted inverse design of polarization-multiplexed structural color filters with ultrahigh saturation based on all-dielectric metasurface. Results in Physics, 2024.
|
|
| 64. | Yang, Y., Xin, H., Liu, Y. et al. Intelligent metasurfaces: Integration of artificial intelligence technology and metasurfaces. Chinese Journal of Physics, 2024.
|
|
| 65. | Cui, F., Huang, X., Zhou, Q. et al. Magnetic toroidal dipole resonance terahertz wave biosensor based on all-silicon metasurface. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2024.
|
|
| 66. | Chen, B., Yu, S., Lu, W. et al. Mid-infrared bimodal wide metamaterial absorber based on double-layer silicon nitride structure. Materials Research Bulletin, 2024.
|
|
| 67. | Xu, L., Zheng, Y., Guo, Y. et al. Recent Advances in Polarization Manipulation of Metasurfaces (Invited) | [超 构 表 面 偏 振 调 控 最 新 研 究 进 展(特 邀)]. Guangxue Xuebao/Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(10): 1026012.
|
|
| 68. | Tsai, W.-C., Chang, C.-H., Yu, T.-C. et al. High-Efficiency and Large-Angle Homo-Metagratings for the Near-Infrared Region. Photonics, 2024, 11(5): 392.
|
|
| 69. | Chen, C., Jin, X., Li, H. et al. Metalens with mixed catenary-pillar nanostructures for improved focusing efficiency. Optics Communications, 2024.
|
|
| 70. | Liang, C., Wang, J., Huang, T. et al. Structural-color meta-nanoprinting embedding multi-domain spatial light field information. Nanophotonics, 2024, 13(9): 1665-1675.
|
|
| 71. | Zhou, S., Dong, S., He, T. et al. Design of Far-Infrared High-Efficiency Polarization-Independent Retroreflective Metasurfaces. Micromachines, 2024, 15(4): 538.
|
|
| 72. | Shi, Y., Zhang, H., Li, H. et al. Localized spin-selective interference assisted broadband tunable chirality with diatomic all-dielectric metasurfaces. Optics and Laser Technology, 2024.
|
|
| 73. | Cheng, X., Li, C., Fang, B. et al. Metasurface-based wireless communication technology and its applications. Journal of Applied Physics, 2024, 135(12): 120702.
|
|
| 74. | Huang, L., Zhao, R., Ji, L. et al. Chiral composite metamaterials with gradient phase index for vortex electromagnetic−wave generation and attenuation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024.
|
|
| 75. | Lou, B., Xu, J., Liu, F. et al. Scattering control based on geometric phase reflection-type coded metasurface. Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, Rapid Communications, 2024, 18(3-4): 113-119.
|
|
| 76. | Li, J., Li, J., Yi, F. Particle Swarm Optimization of Multilayer Multi-Sized Metamaterial Absorber for Long-Wave Infrared Polarimetric Imaging. Micromachines, 2024, 15(3): 319.
|
|
| 77. | Yang, H., Yang, J., Wu, J. Metasurface computing components that support dual channel parallel processing and provide full type logic gate options. Results in Physics, 2024.
|
|
| 78. | Dong, L., Kong, W., Zhang, F. et al. Ultra-thin sub-diffraction metalens with a wide field-of-view for UV focusing. Optics Letters, 2024, 49(5): 1189-1192.
|
|
| 79. | Li, X., Chen, C., Guo, Y. et al. Monolithic Spiral Metalens for Ultrahigh-Capacity and Single-Shot Sorting of Full Angular Momentum State. Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(7): 2311286.
|
|
| 80. | Fan, B., Tang, H., Wu, P. et al. Actively Tunable “Single Peak/Broadband” Absorbent, Highly Sensitive Terahertz Smart Device Based on VO2. Micromachines, 2024, 15(2): 208.
|
|
| 81. | Wu, H., Yi, Y., Zhang, N. et al. Inverse design broadband achromatic metasurfaces for longwave infrared. Optical Materials, 2024.
|
|
| 82. | Ahmed, A., Cao, Q., Khan, M.I. et al. An ultra-thin multifunctional chiral metasurface with asymmetric transmission, cross-polarization conversion, and circular dichroism for Ku- and K-band applications. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2024, 57(3): 035001.
|
|
| 83. | Qiao, J., Li, C., Tian, Y. et al. Double-Validation Metasurface Holographic Encryption Based on XOR Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2024.
|
|
| 84. | Xiao, G., Zhang, J., Yang, H. et al. Dual-Control Tunable Metalens With Large Zoom Range. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2024, 42(24): 8853-8858.
|
|
| 85. | Yang, Y., Jiang, J., Li, C. et al. Flexible Control of Encoded Metasurface Holographic Imaging Based on Fourier Convolution Principle. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2024, 42(21): 7516-7522.
|
|
| 86. | Chen, Y., Huang, X., Yao, G. et al. Microfluidic Sensor Based on Substrate-Free Non-Uniform Metagrating. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2024, 42(21): 7498-7506.
|
|
| 87. | Chen, S., Ha, Y., Zhang, F. et al. Towards the performance limit of catenary meta-optics via field-driven optimization. Opto-Electronic Advances, 2024, 7(5): 230145.
|
|
| 88. | Liu, Y., Li, C., Tang, Y. et al. Terahertz Wave all-Dielectric Broadband Tunable Metamaterial Absorber. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2024, 42(21): 7686-7692.
|
|
| 89. | Zhang, J.C., Chen, M.K., Fan, Y. et al. Miniature tunable Airy beam optical meta-device. Opto-Electronic Advances, 2024, 7(2): 230171.
|
|
| 90. | Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Han, S. et al. Metasurface Enhanced Upconversion Efficiency for High-Performance Pixel-Less Thermal Imaging. Photonics, 2023, 10(12): 1301.
|
|
| 91. | Mei, F., Qu, G., Sha, X. et al. Cascaded metasurfaces for high-purity vortex generation. Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 6410.
|
|
| 92. | Yang, H., Chen, Y., Wu, Y. et al. Analog signal metasurface processor supporting mathematical operator reconfiguration. Optics Letters, 2023, 48(21): 5451-5454.
|
|
| 93. | Jiang, L., Yu, S., Kou, N. Asymmetric Transmission of OAM Vortex Waves by Cylindrical Janus Metasurface. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2023, 22(11): 2654-2658.
|
|
| 94. | Wang, J., Chen, S., Qiu, Y. et al. Chiral Metasurface Multifocal Lens in the Terahertz Band Based on Deep Learning. Micromachines, 2023, 14(10): 1925.
|
|
| 95. | Zhang, M., Zhang, N., Dong, P. et al. All-Metal Coding Metasurfaces for Broadband Terahertz RCS Reduction and Infrared Invisibility. Photonics, 2023, 10(9): 962.
|
|
| 96. | Deng, Q., Yang, J., Lan, X. et al. Investigations of generalized Pancharatnam-Berry phase in all-dielectric metasurfaces. Results in Physics, 2023.
|
|
| 97. | Hu, Y., Tang, Z., Hu, J. et al. Application and influencing factors analysis of Pix2pix network in scattering imaging. Optics Communications, 2023.
|
|
| 98. | Li, J.. From Liquid Crystal on Silicon and Liquid Crystal Reflectarray to Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Post-5G Networks. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 2023, 13(13): 7407.
|
|
| 99. | Liu, X., Zhang, D., Wang, L. et al. Parallelized and Cascadable Optical Logic Operations by Few-Layer Diffractive Optical Neural Network. Photonics, 2023, 10(5): 503.
|
|
| 100. | Xin, H., Yang, J., Tang, M.-C. et al. Broadband electrically controlled reflective metasurface for reconfigurable circularly polarized wavefront manipulation. Optics Express, 2023, 31(8): 13518-13527.
|
|
| 101. | Hu, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, W. et al. Single-Layered Phase-Change Metasurfaces Achieving Polarization- and Crystallinity-Dependent Wavefront Manipulation. Photonics, 2023, 10(3): 344.
|
|
| 102. | Wu, R., Yang, J.-Y., Zhang, H.-C. All-optical logic gate based on nonlinear effects of two-dimensional photonic crystals | [基于二维光子晶体非线性效应的全光逻辑门]. Chinese Optics, 2023.
|
|
| 103. | Xu, D., Xu, W., Yang, Q. et al. All-optical object identification and threedimensional reconstruction based on optical computing metasurface. Opto-Electronic Advances, 2023, 6(12): 230120.
|
|
| 104. | Hu, J., Tang, Z., Lan, X. et al. Switchable edge detection and imaging based on a phase-change metasurface with Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 | [基于相变材料 Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 的可切换边缘检测与聚焦成像超表面]. Guangdian Gongcheng/Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2023, 50(8): 220284.
|
Figures(5)
Huang YJ, Xiao TX, Chen S, Xie ZW, Zheng J et al. All-optical controlled-NOT logic gate achieving directional asymmetric transmission based on metasurface doublet. Opto-Electron Adv 6, 220073 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oea.2023.220073
Schematic for the proposed all-optical CNOT LG. (a–d) Far-field responses under different incident conditions that correspond to (a) no focus, (b) two foci, (c) one focus with small focal distance and (d) one focus with large focal distance. The corresponding truth-table is shown in the inset with spin state as CS and incident direction as TS, which is perfectly matched with that in Eq. (2).
Unit cells for the CNOT LG metasurface doublet. (a, e) Schematic for HHWP and LHWP unit cells, respectively. P=4.5 μm, h=6 μm, l1=3.7 μm, w1=1.2 μm, l2=2.9 μm and w2=2.05 μm. (b, f) Corresponding polarization conversion ratio (left panel) and phase delay (right panel) with different φ for cross-polarized waves at 28.3 THz under LCP incidence. (c, g) Corresponding transmittance at φ=0 (solid lines) and φ=π/4 (dashed lines) from 27–29 THz. (d, h) Corresponding magnetic field distributions at –28.3 THz.
Numerical far-field results in x-z plane under different incident conditions. (a) Front RCP incidence. (b) Front LCP incidence. (c) Back RCP incidence. (d) Back LCP incidence. The insets show the 2D normalized intensity distributions at z=18 mm (white dashed lines) and 27 mm (blue dashed lines). When a focal spot can be observed at certain focal plane, the corresponding truth table is “1”, otherwise the truth table is “0”.
Experiment for the asymmetric transmission metasurface doublet. (a) SEM images for the front (left) and back (right) side of the metasurface. (b) Schematic illustration of the measurement setup. LP: linear polarizer. λ/4: quarter wave plate. BE: beam expander. SA: sample. (c–f) Intensity distributions at z=18 mm and 27 mm. (c) Front RCP incidence. (d) Front LCP incidence. (e) Back RCP incidence. (f) Back LCP incidence.
Demonstration of the directional Janus metasurface for orthogonal polarizations. (a) Schematic flow chart of the design process. FFT: fast Fourier transformation. IFFT: inverse fast Fourier transformation. (b–e) Calculated and measured far-field images at the same image plane under different incident conditions. (b) Front RCP incidence. (c) Front LCP incidence. (d) Back RCP incidence. (e) Back LCP incidence.
E-mail Alert
RSS
DownLoad:
