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Wang SL, Shan YD, Zheng DH, Liu SG, Bo F et al. The real-time dynamic holographic display of LN:Bi,Mg crystals and defect-related electron mobility. Opto-Electron Adv 5, 210135 (2022). doi: 10.29026/oea.2022.210135
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Original Article Open Access
The real-time dynamic holographic display of LN:Bi,Mg crystals and defect-related electron mobility
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Abstract
Holographic display has attracted widespread interest because of its ability to show the complete information of the object and bring people an unprecedented sense of presence. The absence of ideal recording materials has hampered the realization of their commercial applications. Here we report that the response time of a bismuth and magnesium co-doped lithium niobate (LN:Bi,Mg) crystal is shortened to 7.2 ms and a sensitivity as high as 646 cm/J. The crystal was used to demonstrate a real-time holographic display with a refresh rate of 60 Hz, as that of the popular high-definition television. Moreover, the first-principles calculations indicate that the electron mobility while Bi occupying Nb-site is significantly greater than that in Li-site, which directly induces the fast response of LN:Bi,Mg crystals when the concentration of Mg is above its doping threshold.-
Keywords:
- holographic display /
- lithium niobate /
- photorefractive /
- electron mobility
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References
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Supplementary Information
Supplementary information for The real-time dynamic holographic display of LN:Bi,Mg crystals and defect-related electron mobility 
Supplementary information S2 Video: 60 Hz-Display.mp4
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Wang SL, Shan YD, Zheng DH, Liu SG, Bo F et al. The real-time dynamic holographic display of LN:Bi,Mg crystals and defect-related electron mobility. Opto-Electron Adv 5, 210135 (2022). doi: 10.29026/oea.2022.210135
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Figure 1.
(a) Saturated diffraction efficiency, (b) response time, and (c) PR sensitivity of LN:Bia,Mg6.0 crystals as a function of Bi concentrations at 532 nm, 488 nm, and 442 nm, respectively. See Supplementary information for data details. (d) The recording-erasing process of LN:Bi1.25,Mg6.0 crystal.
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Figure 2.
Optical setup for a real-time holographic display. A He-Cd laser wave-length of 442 nm is used. A Glan-Taylor Polarizer acts as a beam splitter (BS). The diameter of the beam is adjusted appropriately by the beam expander (BE). The video animations are loaded by a spatial light modulation (SLM) on the signal beam. A controller is used to control the opening and closing process of shutters. A CCD is used to capture the holographic images. The insert shows a 4f system that performs a Fourier transform followed by an inverse Fourier transform to improve image quality. Schematic diagram of the timeline in the record-display-update process.
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Figure 3.
Holographic images during the display (at 60 Hz). I. rhythmic gymnastics. II. karate kumite. III. diving. IV. baseball. V. Olympic rings. VI. basketball. VII. athletics. VIII. shooting. IX. surfing. A multimedia video with continuous action and a refresh rate of 60 Hz is given in Supplementary information Video S2.
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Figure 4.
UV-Vis absorption spectra of (a) LN:Bia,Mg6.0, (b) LN:Bi1.0,Mgb. Absorbance difference between (c) LN:Bia,Mg6.0, (d) LN:Bi1.0,Mgb, and LN:Bi crystals. The OH– absorption spectra of (e) LN:Bia, Mg6.0 and (f) LN:Bi1.0,Mgb crystals. All the OH– spectra shown in the figures have been normalized and spectra of CLN and LN:Bi are presented for comparison.
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Figure 5.
(a) Schematic diagram of the local structure model in LN:Bi,Mg when Mg exceeds the threshold. The blue, yellow, red, purple, and orange balls represent Li, Nb, O, BiNb, and MgLi/MgNb, respectively. (b) Total unit cell energy versus lattice dilation and (c) band energy of CBM versus lattice dilation. The red and blue lines are the fitting curves.
