Design of a photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss and high birefringence

Zhao Lijuan; Liang Ruoyu; Zhao Haiying; Xu Zhiniu

doi:10.12086/oee.2021.200368

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Zhao L J, Liang R Y, Zhao H Y, et al. Design of a photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss and high birefringence[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2021, 48(3): 200368. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200368

Citation:

Zhao L J, Liang R Y, Zhao H Y, et al. Design of a photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss and high birefringence[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2021, 48(3): 200368. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200368

Design of a photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss and high birefringence

1.
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei 071003, China
2.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei 071003, China
3.
Baoding Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Optical Communication Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei 071003, China

Fund Project: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51607066, 61775057), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2019502177), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019MS085)

More Information

Corresponding author: Xu Zhiniu, E-mail: wzcnjxx@sohu.com

Received Date 12 October 2020

Revised Date 05 February 2021

Published Date 15 March 2021

Abstract

Abstract

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for long distance communication was proposed in this paper. The circular and elliptical air holes distribute in the cladding, and there are two small elliptical air holes around the core in cross section of the PCF. The characteristics of the PCF were analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM) systematically. The results show that the PCF offers an ultrahigh birefringence of 3.51×10^-2 and the confinement loss as low as 1.5×10^-9 dB/m with the optimal structure at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Compared with the existing photonic crystal fibers with elliptical air holes, the birefringence has a large increase, and the confinement loss reduces by 5 orders of magnitude. Additionally, we also analyzed the relationship between the dispersion of the PCF and the wavelength, and obtained the Brillouin gain spectrum characteristics. In general, the PCF can be used in long distance communication system.
- photonic crystal fiber /
- high birefringence /
- low confinement loss /
- finite element method

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References

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Overview

Overview

Overview: Optical fiber communication is a system in which the light waves are used as the information carriers and the optical fibers are used as the transmission media. Optical fiber is more excellent than the transmission of cable and the microwave communication due to its wide transmission band, high anti-interference ability and low confinement loss, and has become the main transmission method. At the same time, with the development of communication technology, optical fiber communication systems have higher requirements for the performance of optical fibers. Traditional single-mode fibers can no longer meet the demands. Compared with conventional fibers, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have many unique characteristics, including no cut-off single mode transmission, highly tunable dispersion, excellent nonlinear effect, birefringence effect and so on. Therefore, PCFs have attracted considerable interests in recent years. In 2011, K. Yang proposed a PCF with elliptical air holes distributing on the inner rings. The birefringence of this PCF achieves 0.87×10^-2, and the confinement loss is 0.01 dB/m. In 2016, the birefringence of the PCF designed by L. Wu reaches 2.21×10^-2. In 2017, by introducing the elliptical air holes in the core, a birefringence of 3.41×10^-2 and a dispersion of -608.93 ps·km^-1·nm^-1 was obtained by J. Liao. In 2019, the birefringence of the PCF with two elliptical air holes in the core proposed by Q. Liu is 1.4207×10^-2, and the order of the confinement loss achieves 10^-4 dB/m. However, the existing studies with simple arrangement of air holes in the cladding show poor asymmetry, affecting the further improvement of the properties such as the birefringence and the confinement loss, so it could not meet the rapidly growing demands for optical fiber communication.

To fix the above problems, we proposed a novel PCF for long distance communication with crossly distributed elliptical and circular air holes sequences in the cross-section in this paper. The birefringence and confinement loss of the proposed PCF were systematically analyzed by using of the full vector finite element method. Then, we obtained the optical structure parameters by systematically numerical analysis and explored the Brillouin gain spectrum characteristics of the PCF. The results reveal that the proposed PCF offers an ultrahigh birefringence of 3.51×10^-2 with the confinement loss as low as 1.5×10^-9 dB/m for the optimal structure of the PCF at the wavelength of 1550 nm, and the Brillouin frequency shift of x- and y-polarization are about 10.15 GHz and 10.4 GHz respectively. In addition, the PCF proposed in this work may be helpful for applications in the field of fiber optical sensing, the polarization-maintaining fiber, and the long-distance transmission of optical signal.