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Metasurfaces enabled by asymmetric photonic spin-orbit interactions
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Abstract
Photonic spin-orbit interaction is an important phenomenon ignored by classical optics. In recent years, studies have found that this phenomenon can be significantly enhanced by artificial subwavelength structures and adjusted on demand. Traditional metasurfaces only support symmetric photon spin-orbit interactions, and there are limitations in conjugate symmetry, which makes it difficult to use different spin states for multifunctional integration, complex optical field regulation, information encryption, and storage. The asymmetric photon spin-orbit interaction can decouple left and right circularly polarized light, which brings new opportunities for breaking the above-mentioned theoretical and application limitations. This article first introduces the principle and realization method of asymmetric photon spin-orbit interactions, secondly introduces the representative applications and characteristics of asymmetric photon-spin-orbit interactions, and finally outlines the challenges and prospects of asymmetric photon spin-orbit interactions for future research directions. -
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References
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Overview
Overview: It is well known that photons carry not only polarization-dependent spin angular momentum but also space-dependent orbit angular momentum. Photonic spin-orbit interaction, which describes the coupling between spin and orbital angular momenta during the propagation of light, is an important phenomenon ignored by classical optics. In recent years, it has been found that this phenomenon can be significantly enhanced by artificial subwavelength structures and adjusted on demand. Traditional metasurfaces only support symmetric photon spin-orbit interactions, and there are limitations in conjugate symmetry, which makes it difficult to use different spin states for multifunctional integration, complex optical field regulation, information encryption, and storage. For example, orbit angular momentum beams generated by traditional metasurfaces mentioned above are always in pairs with opposite topological charges, and holographic images for two opposite spins are usually central symmetric. This conjugate symmetry causes fundamental limitations in energy efficiency and information fidelity for spin-selective multifunctional devices. The asymmetric photon spin-orbit interaction can decouple left and right circularly polarized light, which brings new opportunities for breaking the above-mentioned theoretical and application limitations. This review first introduces the principle and realization method of asymmetric photon spin-orbit interactions. Then, some representative applications and characteristics of asymmetric photon-spin-orbit interactions are introduced. For example, the first monolayer all-dielectric metasurface, simultaneously exhibiting the wavefront manipulation ability and giant circular asymmetric transmission more than four times greater than the previously reported monolayer metasurfaces, was experimentally demonstrated by asymmetric photon spin-orbit interactions. Furthermore, a monolithic metasurface spatial differentiator without 4-F systems was also experimentally demonstrated based on asymmetric photonic spin-orbit interactions, enabling edge detection systems with higher integration level and compactness. Finally, the challenges and prospects for future research directions of asymmetric photon spin-orbit interactions are outlined.
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Figure 1.
Unit element design for achieving asymmetric PSOI[31]. (a)~(e) Schematic diagrams of metasurfaces and unit elements; (f) Simulated results of unit elements at the wavelength of 532 nm. The materials of nanofins and substrate are titanium dioxide (TiO2) and quartz (SiO2), respectively; (g) Simulated results of unit elements at the wavelength of 10.6 μm. The materials of nanofins and substrate are silicon (Si) and barium fluoride (BaF2), respectively
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Figure 2.
Optical hologram and OAM generation based on asymmetric PSOI. (a), (b) and (e), (f) Our work [31]; (c), (d) and (g), (h) Concurrent work of Harvard university[37]
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Figure 3.
Simultaneous circular asymmetric transmission and wavefront manipulation enabled by asymmetric PSOI[32]. (a) Scanning electron microscope image of the metasurface; (b) Measured asymmetric parameter and extinction ratio; (c) Schematic diagram of wavelength manipulation by the metasurface with circular asymmetric transmission effect
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Figure 4.
Optical edge detection enabled by asymmetric PSOI[54]. (a) The monolithic metasurface for LCPL and RCPL imaging with opposite shift along the x-axis; (b) A linear polarizer is applied to eliminate the overlapped region of LCPL and RCPL images for edge detection
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Figure 5.
Holographic encryption enabled by multistate switchable PSOI[64]. (a), (e) Scanning electron microscope images of two metasurfaces; (b)~(d) and (f)~(h) Diffraction patterns generated by two devices at different states of GST under the illumination of RCPL (top) and LCPL (bottom)
