Wang X K, Zhang Y. Advancement and application of terahertz pulsed focal-plane imaging technique[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2020, 47(5): 190413. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.190413
Citation: Wang X K, Zhang Y. Advancement and application of terahertz pulsed focal-plane imaging technique[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2020, 47(5): 190413. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.190413

Advancement and application of terahertz pulsed focal-plane imaging technique

    Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11474206, 11404224, 11774243, 11774246)
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  • As an important composition of terahertz (THz) technology, THz pulsed focal-plane imaging has been paid widely attention since it was invented. Until now, researchers have introduced all kinds of methods to enhance the performance of this imaging technique. Simultaneously, this imaging technique has been tried to apply into various industrial and fundamental research fields. In this paper, recent technique improvements and application researches for THz pulsed focal-plane imaging are reviewed, including the spatial resolution enhancement, signal-to-noise ratio improvement, information acquiring ability as well as applications of this imaging technique in spectroscopic identification inspections, function demonstrations of meta-surface devices, measurements of THz special beams, observations of THz surface electromagnetic waves, and so on. The aim of this paper is to push the technique innovation and application exploration of THz pulsed focal-plane imaging.
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  • Overview: As a class of novel far-infrared testing technology, terahertz (THz) imaging has been rapidly developed for recent decades due to characteristics of the THz radiation, such as low photon energy, broad bandwidth, and high transmission to non-polar materials. Notably, the THz pulsed focal-plane imaging technique has become an important composition in all kinds of THz imaging methods because of its obvious measurement advantages. When the THz pulsed focal-plane imaging is employed, two-dimensional THz information of a substance can be accurately acquired in a single measurement and the raster scan process in traditional THz imaging is effectively avoided, which leads to the reduction of the experimental time as well as the enhancements of the measurement stability and sampling ratio. In this review, the technique innovations and application explorations of THz pulsed focal-plane imaging are introduced. This THz imaging technique was firstly proposed in 1996 and various means have been applied to improve its performance. With the development of the imaging technique, the super-thin sensor crystal and the quasi-near-field detection are introduced to improve the imaging spatial resolution; the dynamics subtraction and the balanced electro-optic detection are applied to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging system. In addition, this imaging system can individually measure different THz polarization components (Ex, Ey, and Ez) by varying the polarization of the probe beam and using the sensor crystals with different crystalline orientations. Currently, it can be said that almost all of THz wave-front information can be obtained by using this imaging technique. With the maturation of the imaging technique, it has been applied into various industrial and fundamental research fields. Utilizing the spectroscopic measurement ability of the imaging system, identification of different chemical and biological samples can be achieved. Utilizing the vectorial measurement ability of the imaging system, the function of THz meta-surface devices, characterizations of THz special beams, and observations of THz surface electromagnetic waves have been demonstrated. Besides, this imaging technique has been also applied to measure transmission modes of THz waveguides, inspections to concealed objects, and so on. Of course, there is still much room for the future improvement of this imaging technique, such as the further enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio, the enlargement of the imaging region, and the simplification of the optical configuration. Nevertheless, it can be expected that the imaging technique will show its tremendous application potentials in the future.

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