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Research and application of all-fiber optic current transformer based on optical reciprocity loop
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摘要:
针对传统有源电磁式互感器易饱和、稳定性与抗干扰能力差、安装受限等问题，本文基于Faraday磁光效应，设计了一种无源全光纤电流互感器，通过旋光角来测量被测电流；设计互感器以HB Spun光纤作为传感元件，无饱和现象，可用于大电流测量；利用光学互易回路，消除光路中温度、光纤缺陷等因素对旋光角测量的干扰；采用反射式光路将电场引起的旋光角放大4倍，实现小电流的精确测量；传感元件采用柔性传感光纤环结构，形状可变，适应复杂空间内电流的测量。对比了不同圈数的柔性光纤传感环与标准电流互感器的测量精度，结果表明，本文设计的光学互易回路可以消除温度对电流测量的影响，全光纤电流互感器在-5 ℃~70 ℃全温度范围内精度为0.5，可实现小电流的精确测量。
Abstract:Aiming to the problems of traditional active electromagnetic transformer such as easy magnetic saturation, poor stability and anti-interference ability, and limited installation, etc., this paper designs the optical fiber current transformer to measure current by rotation angle based on Faraday magneto-optic effect; HB Spun optical fiber is used as sensing element without saturation and can be used for high current measurement. The designed transformer uses the optical reciprocity loop to eliminate the interference of temperature and optical fiber defect on the measurement of optical rotation angle, and uses reflector to enlarge the optical rotation angle to four times, which can realize accurate measurement of small current; Sensing element uses flexible fiber ring with shape variability characteristic, which helps for measurement of current in complex space. The paper compares flexible fiber ring with different loops to standard current transformer, the results show that optical reciprocity loop can eliminate the interference of temperature on the current measurement and the accuracy of all-fiber current transformer is 0.5 in the range of -5 ℃~70 ℃, which can realize the accurate measurement of small current.
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Overview: With the smart grid development and the increase of voltage level, demand for high current and high voltage measurement is increasing gradually, and the weakness of bulky insulation structure, easy magnetic saturation, low anti-interference ability and low precision of electromagnetic transformer are gradually exposed. The optical fiber current transformer designed in this paper has the advantages of high accuracy, simple insulation structure and strong ability of anti-interference, so it can meet the needs of smart grid development and the increase of voltage level. This transformer utilizes the principle of optical reciprocity to eliminate the influence of temperature and external disturbance on current measurement, so it realizes the high precision measurement. In order to verify the measurement characteristics of the optical reciprocal loop, the optical fiber sensing rings wound in different circles are placed in the temperature control box, and the measured value of the sensing rings and the standard current value are compared in the full temperature range. The results show that the sensing rings has the advantage of high precision and good temperature-reducing characteristics. Finally, the measured values of the different circles of optical fiber rings are compared with the standard current values in the full range. It is found that the more the circles of optical fiber sensing rings, the higher the measurement accuracy of optical fiber sensing rings. The Central Yellow River Diversion Project and Xiaolangdi Yellow River Diversion Project is an important project in the construction of Dashui Network in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" of Shanxi Province. The water supply range is wide. In order to ensure the reliable operation of the power system in the project, stator selective protection grounding system of hydropower station power station is gradually being promoted, and zero-sequence current as an important criterion for the device requires accurate measurements. The detection of the zero sequence current of the motor unit requires transformers with large measuring range, high precision of the small current measurement. In this paper, the optical fiber sensing ring of the transformer designed is a flexible structure, which can be directly wound on the spot according to the shape of the measured conductor, thereby avoiding the work of disassembling the measured conductor. Because the optical transformer designed has a large range, high precision in full range, and can be wound on the spot, it can be applied to the stator selective protection grounding system of hydropower station power station, which broadens the field of use of optical transformers.
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图 2 无源全光纤电流互感器闭环光路示意图
Figure 2. Closed-loop optical path diagram of passive all-fiber current transformer
图 3 发电机定子零序方向的动作原理图
Figure 3. Principle diagram of zero sequence direction of generator stator
图 5 柔性光纤环的温度特性。(a) 8圈；(b) 16圈；(c) 30圈；(d) 60圈
Figure 5. Temperature characteristics of flexible fiber rings with (a) 8, (b) 16, (c) 30, (d) 60 circles
表 1 不同圈数柔性光纤环测量电流测量精度表
Table 1. Measuring current accuracy table of flexible fiber ring with different circles
稳流源电流/A 8圈/(%) 16圈/(%) 30圈/(%) 60圈/(%) 0.2 -5.811 4.621 3.321 1.716 0.5 -3.320 2.340 1.321 0.676 1 0.198 -0.106 -0.941 -0.878 10 0.130 -0.120 0.110 -0.100 20 -0.055 -0.043 0.049 -0.057 30 0.052 0.050 -0.045 -0.040 40 -0.044 0.042 0.048 -0.041 50 0.041 0.040 -0.048 -0.047 
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表 2 互感器现场复测精度表
Table 2. On-site re-measurement accuracy table for transformers
序号 试验值 实测值 误差/% 1 0.3 0.29 3.3 2 0.5 0.49 2 3 1 1.01 1 4 2 2.03 1.5 5 5 5.04 0.8 6 10 10.05 0.5 7 30 30.13 0.43 8 50 50.10 0.2 9 60 60.29 0.48
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