光空间调制技术的研究进展

光空间调制(OSM)作为一种新型的光多输入多输出(OMIMO)技术，利用空间域激光器索引号额外携带信息，有效地提高了系统的传输速率和能量效率; 同时，由于每符号周期仅激活一个激光器传递信息，较好地解决了传统OMIMO系统中的信道干扰和同步等问题。本文首先介绍了现有的几种光空间调制技术，概括和总结其在国内外的研究现状。此外，从传输速率、频谱效率、误码率(BER)和计算复杂度等四个方面对现有的OSM、光空移键控(OSSK)、增强型光空间调制(EOSM)和差分光空间调制(DOSM)等方案进行了比较分析。最后，指出了OSM中亟需解决的关键性问题及其未来的发展方向。

1 El Mashade M B, Toeima A H. Performance characterization of spatial diversity based optical wireless communication over atmospheric turbulence channels[J]. Radioelectronics and Communications Systems, 2018, 61(4): 135-152. DOI:10.3103/S0735272718040015

2 Djordjevic I B, Denic S, Anguita J, et al. LDPC-Coded MIMO optical communication over the atmospheric turbulence channel[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2008, 26(5): 478-487. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2007.916514

3 Hajjarian Z, Fadlullah J, Kavehrad M. MIMO free space optical communications in turbid and turbulent atmosphere[J]. Journal of Communications, 2009, 4(8): 524-532.

4 Wang H Q, Wang X, Lynette K, et al. Performance analysis of MIMO wireless optical communication system with Q-ary PPM over correlated log-normal fading channel[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2018, 102: 153-159.

5 Mesleh R, Mehmood R, Elgala H, et al. Indoor MIMO optical wireless communication using spatial modulation[C]// Proceedings of2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2010: 1-5.

6 Yu X B, Qiu S N, Wang C. Research status and prospect for spatial modulated MIMO technique in wireless communications[J]. Journal of Data Acquisition & Processing, 2017, 32(3): 440-453.

虞湘宾, 邱赛男, 王丞.无线通信中空间调制MIMO技术的研究现状与展望[J].数据采集与处理, 2017, 32(3): 440-453.

7 Basar E, Wen M W, Mesleh R, et al. Index modulation techniques for next-generation wireless networks[J]. IEEE Access, 2017, 5: 16693-16746. DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2737528

8 Chau Y A, Yu S H. Space modulation on wireless fading channels[C]//IEEE 54th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Fall 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37211), 2001: 1668-1671.

9 Freudenberger J, Rohweder D, Shavgulidze S. Generalized multistream spatial modulation with signal constellations based on Hurwitz integers and low-complexity detection[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2018, 7(3): 412-415. DOI:10.1109/LWC.2017.2780092

10 Qu W L, Zhang M, Cheng X, et al. Generalized spatial modulation with transmit antenna grouping for massive MIMO[J]. IEEE Access, 2017, 5: 26798-26807. DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2775281

11 Mesleh R, Haas H, Ahn C W, et al. Spatial modulation-a new low complexity spectral efficiency enhancing technique[C]// Proceedings of 2006 First International Conference on Communications and Networking in China, 2006: 1-5.

12 Di Renzo M, Haas H, Ghrayeb A, et al. Spatial modulation for generalized MIMO: challenges, opportunities, and implementation[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2014, 102(1): 56-103.

13 Mesleh R, Elgala H, Haas H. Optical spatial modulation[J]. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2011, 3(3): 234-244. DOI:10.1364/JOCN.3.000234

14 Mesleh R, Elgala H, Mehmood R, et al. Performance of optical spatial modulation with transmitters-receivers alignment[J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2011, 15(1): 79-81. DOI:10.1109/LCOMM.2010.01.101208

15 Mesleh R, Elgala H, Hammouda M, et al. Optical spatial modulation with transmitter-receiver alignments[C]//Proceedings of 2011 16th European Conference on Networks and Optical Communications, 2011: 1-4.

16 Popoola W O, Poves E, Haas H. Spatial pulse position modulation for optical communications[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2012, 30(18): 2948-2954. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2012.2208940

17 Olanrewaju H G, Popoola W O. Effect of synchronization error on optical spatial modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2017, 65(12): 5362-5374. DOI:10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2726067

18 Olanrewaju H G, Thompson J, Popoola W O. Performance of optical spatial modulation in indoor multipath channel[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2018, 17(9): 6042-6052. DOI:10.1109/TWC.2018.2854573

19 Fath T, Haas H, Di Renzo M, et al. Spatial modulation applied to optical wireless communications in indoor LOS environments[C]//Proceedings of2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2011: 1-5.

20 Fath T, Klaue J, Haas H. Coded spatial modulation applied to optical wireless communications in indoor environments[C]//Proceedings of 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012: 1000-1004.

21 Masuda K, Kamakura K, Yamazato T. Spatial modulation in layered space-time coding for image-sensor-based visible light communication[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2016: 1-6.

22 Xu K, Yu H Y, Zhu Y J. Channel-adapted spatial modulation for massive MIMO visible light communications[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2016, 28(23): 2693-2696. DOI:10.1109/LPT.2016.2615128

23 Wang J Y, Zhu J X, Lin S H, et al. Adaptive spatial modulation based visible light communications: SER analysis and optimization[J]. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2018, 10(3): 7903814.

24 Wang J Y, Ge H, Zhu J X, et al. Adaptive spatial modulation for visible light communications with an arbitrary number of transmitters[J]. IEEE Access, 2018, 6: 37108-37123. DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2851280

25 Yesilkaya A, Cogalan T, Panayirci E, et al. Achieving minimum error in MISO optical spatial modulation[C]//Proceedings of2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2018: 1-6.

26 Pham H T T, Chu D B, Dang N T. Performance analysis of spatial PPM-based free-space optical communication systems with Gaussian beam[C]//Proceedings of2014 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC 2014), 2014: 144-148.

27 Özbilgin T, Koca M. Optical spatial modulation over atmospheric turbulence channels[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2015, 33(11): 2313-2323. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2015.2409302

28 Pham H T T, Dang N T. Performance improvement of spatial modulation-assisted FSO systems over Gamma-Gamma fading channels with geometric spreading[J]. Photonic Network Communications, 2017, 34(2): 213-220.

29 Abou-Rjeily C, Kaddoum G. Optical spatial modulation for FSO IM/DD communications with photon-counting receivers: performance analysis, transmit diversity order and aperture selection[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2019, 37(9): 2053-2068. DOI:10.1109/JSAC.2019.2929402

30 Wang H Q, Song L H, Cao M H, et al. Compressed sensing detection of optical spatial modulation signal in turbulent channel[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2018, 26(11): 2669-2674.

王惠琴, 宋梨花, 曹明华, 等.湍流信道下光空间调制信号的压缩感知检测[J].光学精密工程, 2018, 26(11): 2669-2674.

31 Wu L, Cheng J L, Zhang Z C, et al. Low-complexity spatial modulation for IM/DD optical wireless communications[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2019, 31(6): 475-478. DOI:10.1109/LPT.2019.2899394

32 Gong Y X. Research on indoor visible light MIMO wireless communications based on space shift keying[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2014.

33 Gong Y X, Ding L W, He Y J, et al. Analysis of space shift keying modulation applied to visible light communications[C]//IET International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies (IETICT 2013), 2013, 3: 503-507.

34 Abaza M, Mesleh R, Mansour A, et al. The performance of space shift keying for free-space optical communications over turbulent channels[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2015, 9387: 93870V.

35 Abaza M, Mesleh R, Mansour A, et al. Performance analysis of space-shift keying over negative-exponential and log-normal FSO channels[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2015, 13(5): 051001. DOI:10.3788/COL201513.051001

36 Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Jain V K. BER analysis of optical space shift keying in atmospheric turbulence environment[C]//Proceedings of 2016 10th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), 2016: 1-6.

37 Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Jain V K. On the ergodic capacity of optical space shift keying based FSO-MIMO system under atmospheric turbulence[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2017: 1-7.

38 Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Jain V K. Performance evaluation of space shift keying in free-space optical communication[J]. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2017, 9(2): 149-160.

39 Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Jain V K. Performance of optical space shift keying over gamma-gamma fading with pointing error[J]. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2017, 9(2): 7200716.

40 Jaiswal A, Abaza M, Bhatnagar M R, et al. An investigation of performance and diversity property of optical space shift keying-based FSO-MIMO system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2018, 66(9): 4028-4042. DOI:10.1109/TCOMM.2018.2818702

41 Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Jain V K. Partially informed transmitter-based optical space shift keying under atmospheric turbulence[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2019, 18(8): 3781-3796. DOI:10.1109/TWC.2019.2911612

42 Popoola W, Poves E, Haas H. Generalised space shift keying for visible light communications[C]//Proceedings of 2012 8th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), 2012: 1-4.

43 Wang X F. On the performance of space shift keying modulation for visible light communications[D]. Xi'an: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2014.

44 Popoola W O, Poves E, Haas H. Error performance of generalised space shift keying for indoor visible light communications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2013, 61(5): 1968-1976. DOI:10.1109/TCOMM.2013.022713.120501

45 Popoola W O, Sinanovic S, Nistazakis H E. Enhancing the error performance of optical SSK under correlated channel condition[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), 2016: 7-11.

46 Fu H S. Research on spatial modulation for visible light communications[D]. Zhengzhou: The PLA Information Engineering University, 2014.

47 Fu H S, Zhu Y J, Cai W B. Study on optical multiple active antennas space shift keying[J]. Journal of Signal Processing, 2014, 30(7): 842-847. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-0530.2014.07.013

付红双, 朱义君, 蔡文炳.可见光多天线空分键控技术研究[J].信号处理, 2014, 30(7): 842-847. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-0530.2014.07.013

48 Popoola W O, Haas H. Demonstration of the merit and limitation of generalised space shift keying for indoor visible light communications[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2014, 32(10): 1960-1965. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2014.2310499

49 Kadampot I A, Park K H, Alouini M S. Precoded generalized space shift keying for indoor visible light communications[C]//Proceedings of 2014 3rd International Workshop in Optical Wireless Communications (IWOW), 2014: 85-89.

50 Bian R, Videv S, Griffiths A D, et al. Experimental demonstration of generalised space shift keying for visible light communication[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom), 2017: 1-5.

51 Olanrewaju H G, Thompson J, Popoola W O. Generalized spatial pulse position modulation for optical wireless communications[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), 2016: 1-5.

52 Alaka S P, Narasimhan T L, Chockalingam A. Generalized spatial modulation in indoor wireless visible light communication[C]//Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2015: 1-7.

53 Zhu Y J, Fu H S, Cai W B. Low complexity adaptive generalized spatial modulation for visible light communication[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2015, 45(6): 2080-2084.

朱义君, 付红双, 蔡文炳.可见光通信中低复杂度自适应广义空间调制算法[J].吉林大学学报(工学版), 2015, 45(6): 2080-2084.

54 Stavridis A, Haas H. Performance evaluation of space modulation techniques in VLC systems[C]//Proceedings of 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW), 2015: 1356-1361.

55 Xiao S F. Research on MIMO technology in visible light communication system[D]. Zhengzhou: The PLA Information Engineering University, 2014.

56 Basar E, Panayirci E, Uysal M, et al. Generalized LED index modulation optical OFDM for MIMO visible light communications systems[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2016: 1-5.

57 Nguyen N T, Nguyen Q T, Nguyen N H. The index-based optical spatial modulation scheme in optical MIMO[C]//Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC), 2016: 191-196.

58 Yesilkaya A, Basar E, Miramirkhani F, et al. Optical MIMO-OFDM with generalized LED index modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2017, 65(8): 3429-3441.

59 Kumar C R, Jeyachitra R K. Power efficient generalized spatial modulation MIMO for indoor visible light communications[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2017, 29(11): 921-924. DOI:10.1109/LPT.2017.2694462

60 Kumar C R, Jeyachitra R K. Dual-mode generalized spatial modulation MIMO for visible light communications[J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2018, 22(2): 280-283. DOI:10.1109/LCOMM.2017.2774263

61 Cao M H, Song L H, Wang H Q, et al. Low-complexity OB-MMSE detection algorithm for generalized wireless-optical spatial modulation[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2019, 39(12): 1206002.

曹明华, 宋梨花, 王惠琴, 等.广义无线光空间调制中的低复杂度OB-MMSE检测算法[J].光学学报, 2019, 39(12): 1206002.

62 Wang H Q, Li Y T, Cao M H, et al. Layered optical spatial modulation in turbulent channels[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2019, 39(7): 0706001.

王惠琴, 李亚婷, 曹明华, 等.湍流信道中的分层光空间调制[J].光学学报, 2019, 39(7): 0706001.

63 Zhang Y, Wang H Q, Cao M H, et al. Enhanced optical spatial modulation in wireless optical communication[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2020, 40(3): 0306001.

张悦, 王惠琴, 曹明华, 等.无线光通信中的增强型光空间调制[J].光学学报, 2020, 40(3): 0306001.

64 Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Soni P, et al. Differential optical spatial modulation over atmospheric turbulence[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2019, 13(6): 1417-1432. DOI:10.1109/JSTSP.2019.2921527

65 Khallaf H S, Elfiqi A E, Shalaby H M H, et al. On the performance evaluation of LQAM-MPPM techniques over exponentiated Weibull fading free-space optical channels[J]. Optics Communications, 2018, 416: 41-49. DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2018.01.061

关键词：

无线光通信; 光空间调制; 传输速率; 误码率

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金资助项目(61861026, 61875080)

导出参考文献，格式为：

引用本文：毛一聪, 王惠琴, 张悦, 等. 光空间调制技术的研究进展[J]. 光电工程, 2020, 47(3): 190712.

上一篇：可见光通信中LED非线性补偿和带宽拓展技术

下一篇：无线光通信中喷泉码的发展现状与展望