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摘要:
光空间调制(OSM)作为一种新型的光多输入多输出(OMIMO)技术，利用空间域激光器索引号额外携带信息，有效地提高了系统的传输速率和能量效率; 同时，由于每符号周期仅激活一个激光器传递信息，较好地解决了传统OMIMO系统中的信道干扰和同步等问题。本文首先介绍了现有的几种光空间调制技术，概括和总结其在国内外的研究现状。此外，从传输速率、频谱效率、误码率(BER)和计算复杂度等四个方面对现有的OSM、光空移键控(OSSK)、增强型光空间调制(EOSM)和差分光空间调制(DOSM)等方案进行了比较分析。最后，指出了OSM中亟需解决的关键性问题及其未来的发展方向。
Abstract:Optical spatial modulation (OSM), a new optical multiple input multiple output (OMIMO) technique, effectively improves the transmission rate and energy efficiency by using the spatial domain laser index to carry additional information. Meantime, since only one laser is activated per symbol duration to transmit information, the problems of channel interference and synchronization are solved in traditional OMIMO system. This paper firstly introduces several OSM technologies and summarizes their research status both at home and abroad. Nextly, the OSM, optical space shift keying (OSSK), enhanced optical spatial modulation (EOSM) and differential optical spatial modulation (DOSM) schemes are compared and analyzed in terms of transmission rate, spectral efficiency, bit error rate (BER) and complexity. Finally, the key problems and future development direction are pointed out in OSM system.
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Overview: As a novel access network technology, wireless optical communication (WOC) has sparked great interests in the field. Compared with RF, there are significant advantages, such as high bandwidth, inherent security and ease of installation. However, the channel fading caused by atmospheric turbulence and complex channel environment is the main factor affecting the performance of WOC system. Therefore, OMIMO system comes into being and makes use of spatial diversity at receiver and transmitter to overcome the performance influence caused by link fading. When multiple lasers are activated simultaneously, the problems of inter-channel interference (ICI) and inter antenna synchronization (IAS) limit the promotion and development of OMIMO system. Optical spatial modulation (OSM) is a novel OMIMO scheme which conveys information over both signal and space simultaneously. OSM effectively improves the transmission rate and energy efficiency by using the spatial domain laser index to carry additional information. Since only one laser is activated per symbol duration to transmit information, the problems of channel interference and synchronization are solved in traditional OMIMO system, and complexity and link cost of proposed OSM scheme are decreased. Based on the above advantages, OSM is an OMIMO technology with broad development prospects and can be applied in various occasions. In the field of RF, the idea of SM has been developed rapidly and rich research results have been obtained. Compared with RF field, OSM is still in the exploration stage. In this paper, we introduce four kinds of schemes of OSM, optical space shift keying (OSSK), enhanced optical spatial modulation (EOSM) and differential optical spatial modulation (DOSM) from basic principle to research status both at home and abroad. OSSK is a simple form of OSM, which only uses the index of the laser to transmit information. EOSM effectively increases the transmission rate by activating a small number of lasers. And EOSM overcomes in a novel fashion the constraint in OSM that the number of lasers has to be a power of two. DOSM can effectively avoid complex channel estimation and obtain better performance under high mobility scenarios. In terms of transmission rate, spectral efficiency, bit error rate (BER) and complexity, four kinds of OSM scheme are compared and analyzed. It is noticed from analysis that different OSM schemes have their own characteristics and advantages, so they are selected according to the specific situation in practical application. In short, with the requirement of high capacity and high-speed communication system, OSM scheme is expected to be an alternative to next generation communications technology. It has significant application prospect in the future for massive MIMO user and multi-user multi-cell MIMO communication.
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图 5 不同的S.I.下不同OSM系统误码率性能对比
Figure 5. Performance comparison of different OSM systems under different S.I.
表 1 不同光空间调制方案的传输速率、频谱效率和复杂度
Table 1. Transmission rate、spectral efficiency and complexity of different OSM schemes
调制方案 传输速率/(bpcu) 频谱效率/((bit/s)/Hz) 计算复杂度 OSSK ${\log _2}{N_{\rm{t}}} $ ${\log _2}{N_{\rm{t}}} $ $ {N_{\rm{t}}}(2{N_{\rm{t}}}{N_{\rm{r}}} + 2{N_{\rm{r}}} - 1)$ (L, M)-SPPAM ${\log _2}{N_{\rm{t}}} + {\log _2}LM $ ${\log _2}(LM{N_{\rm{t}}})/L $ ${N_{\rm{t}}}LM{\rm{(2}}{N_{\rm{t}}}L{N_{\rm{r}}}{\rm{ + 2}}{N_{\rm{r}}}L - 1{\rm{)}} $ L-SPPM $ {\log _2}{N_{\rm{t}}} + {\log _2}L$ $ {{{{\log }_2}(L{N_{\rm{t}}})} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{{\log }_2}(L{N_{\rm{t}}})} L}} \right. } L}$ ${N_{\rm{t}}}L{\rm{(2}}{N_{\rm{t}}}L{N_{\rm{r}}}{\rm{ + 2}}{N_{\rm{r}}}L - 1{\rm{)}} $ L-GSPPM $\left\lfloor {{{\log }_2}C_{{N_{\rm{t}}}}^2} \right\rfloor + 2{\log _2}L $ $ {{{{\log }_2}(C_{{N_{\rm{t}}}}^2{L^2})} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{{\log }_2}(C_{{N_{\rm{t}}}}^2{L^2})} L}} \right. } L}$ $ \left\lfloor {{{\log }_2}C_{{N_{\rm{t}}}}^2} \right\rfloor \cdot {L^2} \cdot {\rm{(2}}{N_{\rm{t}}}L{N_{\rm{r}}}{\rm{ + 2}}{N_{\rm{r}}}L{\rm{ + }}{N_{\rm{t}}}L - 1{\rm{)}}$ DOSM-PAM $ \left\lfloor {{{\log }_2}\left( {{N_{\rm{t}}}!} \right)} \right\rfloor + {\log _2}M$ $ {{(\left\lfloor {{{\log }_2}({N_{\rm{t}}}!)} \right\rfloor + {{\log }_2}M)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{(\left\lfloor {{{\log }_2}({N_{\rm{t}}}!)} \right\rfloor + {{\log }_2}M)} {{N_{\rm{t}}}}}} \right. } {{N_{\rm{t}}}}}$ $ {2^{\left\lfloor {{{\log }_2}({N_{\rm{t}}}!)} \right\rfloor }}M{\rm{(3}}{N_{\rm{t}}}^2{N_{\rm{r}}}{\rm{ + 3}}{N_{\rm{t}}}{N_{\rm{r}}} - 1{\rm{)}}$ DOSSK $ \left\lfloor {{{\log }_2}\left( {{N_{\rm{t}}}!} \right)} \right\rfloor $ $ {{\left\lfloor {{{\log }_2}({N_{\rm{t}}}!)} \right\rfloor } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left\lfloor {{{\log }_2}({N_{\rm{t}}}!)} \right\rfloor } {{N_{\rm{t}}}}}} \right. } {{N_{\rm{t}}}}}$ ${2^{\left\lfloor {{{\log }_2}({N_{\rm{t}}}!)} \right\rfloor }}{\rm{(2}}{N_{\rm{t}}}^2{N_{\rm{r}}}{\rm{ + 3}}{N_{\rm{t}}}{N_{\rm{r}}} - 1{\rm{)}} $ 
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