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Imaging of skin structure and vessels in melanoma by swept source optical coherence tomography angiography
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摘要:
扫频源光学相干层析血管成像(SS-OCTA)是一种基于分频幅去相关血管造影法(SSADA)的新型血管成像技术，在肿瘤等疾病的早期诊断方面拥有较大前景。本文在5.12 mm×5.12 mm成像视场、标准图像最大信噪比34.3 dB的SS-OCTA成像平台，对黑色素瘤C57BL6小鼠进行皮肤结构和血管成像采集。结果表明在皮肤科疾病的早期诊断方面，利用SS-OCTA系统进行血管成像优于结构成像。
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关键词:
- 扫频源光学相干层析血管成像 /
- 皮肤结构 /
- 肿瘤血管 /
- 黑色素瘤 /
- SS-OCTA
Abstract:Sweep source optical coherence tomographic angiography (SS-OCTA) is a kind of angiography technologies based on split spectrum amplitude deeorrelation angiography (SSADA). It has a great prospect in the early diagnosis of tumors and other diseases. In this paper, skin structure and angiography of melanoma C57BL6 mice were collected on the basis of the SS-OCTA imaging platform with an imaging field of 5.12 mm×5.12 mm and a standard image maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 34.3 dB. The results show that the SS-OCTA system is superior to the structural imaging in early diagnosis of dermatological diseases.
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Overview: In recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has developed rapidly and become a new imaging technology. OCT weakens coherent reflection and backscattering. Super heterodyne detection technique was used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of biological tissue tomography. OCT has the advantages of non-invasive, high resolution, and high-speed imaging, and thus it is very suitable for biomedical applications. Scanning source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCTA) is a frequency-domain OCT technology and can support a high resolution in vivo angiography. As a new angiography technique, SS-OCTA still uses the Michelson interferometer's basic optical path and can achieve axial resolution of 15 microns by measuring the back scattering of light from low-coherent interference signals in tissue. Cross sectional images of 3D reconstruction of 3D images of biological tissues can be obtained, which are widely used in ophthalmology, dermatology imaging, tumor detection, and other fields. In addition to imaging biological tissue, SS-OCTA can also image surface blood vessels such as fundus and skin. SS-OCTA can observe the changes of retinal blood vessel morphology and blood flow in the choroid retina in the field of ophthalmology such as retinal angiography. Furthermore, it can also use pseudo-color to distinguish normal and abnormal vascular structures, blood flow signal detection and quantitative analysis, split different spectral images of the original full-spectrum image, reduce noise, improve signal-to-noise ratio, and then merge, so as to achieve retinal, choroidal vascular formation of any layer of significant cross-sectional imaging. Finally, we use laser speckle imaging and optical coherence tomography to noninvasive measurement of animal skin irritation and obtain dermal microvascular parameters. Angiography provides a possibility for the applications of SS-OCTA in the diagnosis of tumors, skin diseases, and other diseases. In fact, solid tumor growth is strongly dependent on the induced vascular network. Direct and indirect studies can support a strong evidence that tumor growth depends on blood vessels. Most tumors remain inactive until they become cancerous, and blood vessels no longer grow. Once entering the vascular phase, new blood vessels will grow rapidly to support tumor metabolism and play an important role in tumor proliferation. SS-OCTA can perform noninvasive imaging of biological tissues and blood vessels. This is of great significance for the early diagnosis of some tumors. Therefore, skin structure and angiography of melanoma C57BL6 mice were collected and compared with the SS-OCTA system. To observe the changes of the vascular development and biological tissue structure in the early stage of tumor growth, SS-OCTA is better at distinguishing vascular functional structures than the structural imaging.
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图 2 利用SSADA算法对SS-OCTA系统进行成像检测的结果
Figure 2. Result of SS-OCTA system image with SSADA algorithm
图 3 小鼠肿瘤处的皮肤结构图、血管图。(a)小鼠皮肤实物图；(b)小鼠皮肤结构图；(c)小鼠皮肤血管图
Figure 3. Skin structure, angiogram at the tumor site of mice. (a) Physical picture of mouse skin; (b) Mouse skin structure map; (c) Mouse skin vessel diagram
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