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摘要:
本文对连续激光辐照金属材料的峰值温度变化情况进行研究，建立了连续激光辐照材料的有限元分析模型，采用仿真分析的方法对连续激光照射铝合金圆板的峰值温度变化情况进行了研究。通过对光束抖动、光斑扩散、空气对流、材料表面氧化等不同条件仿真结果的分析，给出了各种因素对激光辐照材料峰值温度变化情况的影响，并利用等效材料比热容的方法开展了相变潜热对温升情况的影响分析。最后综合各种条件给出了在连续激光辐照铝合金材料的峰值温度变化情况，对材料的损伤进行了分析。
Abstract:The variation of peak temperature of metal materials irradiated by continuous wave (CW) laser is studied in this paper. We established a finite element model of metal materials irradiated by CW laser. The variation of peak temperature of aluminum alloy circular plates irradiated by CW laser is studied by simulation analysis method. By analyzing the simulation results under different conditions, such as beam drift, spot diffusion, air convection and material surface oxidation, the effects of various factors on the peak temperature of laser-irradiated materials are given, and the influence of latent heat of phase change on temperature rise is analyzed by using the method of equivalent material specific heat capacity. Finally, according to various conditions, the change of peak temperature of aluminum alloy irradiated by CW laser is given, and the damage of aluminum alloy is analyzed.
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Key words:
- laser damage /
- temperature /
- finite element /
- phase transformation
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Overview: In order to study the interaction between CW laser and material, we analyzed the variation of peak temperature of aluminum alloy irradiated by CW laser. In this paper, the laser source which irradiated aluminum alloy material is approximated to a surface heat source. The finite element equation of temperature field of material surface irradiated by CW laser is established. The boundary conditions of material surface with radiation and heat exchange are given. When establishing the simulation analysis model of CW laser irradiated aluminum alloy circular plate, it is assumed that (i) the material is isotropic, (ii) the absorptivity and physical parameters of the material are independent of temperature, (iii) the heat loss is only the thermal radiation and convective heat transfer of the material surface to the environment, (iv) the material is opaque in the working wavelength range of the laser, and (v) there is no light penetrating material. A finite element model of the transient temperature field of aluminum alloy with a radius of 1 m and a thickness of 5 mm irradiated by CW laser was established. The effects of beam drift, spot diffusion, air convection and surface oxidation on the peak temperature of laser irradiated aluminum alloy were analyzed by simulation. The influence of latent heat of phase change on temperature rise is also analyzed by using the method of equivalent material specific heat capacity. Finally, according to the above conditions, the change of peak temperature of aluminum alloy irradiated by CW laser is given, and the damage of the material is analyzed. The simulation results show that the damage of CW laser irradiated materials is mainly due to thermal effect. Under the given simulation conditions, spot drift and spot diffusion will lead to a sharp drop in the peak temperature of the material compared with the normal situation. Surface convection has a significant effect only when the convection speed is high. The oxidation treatment on the surface of aluminum alloys will lead to a significant increase in laser absorption, and a significant reduction in the irradiation time to reach the melting temperature of the material. The latent heat of phase change has relatively little effect on the temperature rise of materials compared with other factors. From the final comprehensive analysis, when the laser reaches the material surface with an average power density of 127.33 W/cm2, the beam center drift range is twice the radius of the spot, and the surface convection velocity is 250 m/s, the peak temperature of the surface oxidized aluminum alloy reaches the melting temperature after 25 s. Under this condition, the material can be damaged.
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图 4 激光辐照材料后温度分布。(a)光斑无抖动情况下温升情况；(b)光斑随机抖动情况下温升情况
Figure 4. Temperature distribution of target after laser irradiation. (a) Temperature rise without spot drift; (b) Temperature rise under random spot drift
图 9 参数h和等效热容函数。(a) h(T)函数图像；(b)等效比热容函数图像
Figure 9. Functional image of h and equivalent specific heat capacity. (a) Functional image of h(T); (b) Functional image of equivalent specific heat capacity
图 11 综合因素分析激光辐照材料峰值温度变化情况
Figure 11. Analysis of peak temperature change of laser-irradiated target by comprehensive factors
表 1 材料的热物理性质
Table 1. Thermophysical properties of materials
性质 Al(2024) 密度(ρ)/(g/cm3) 2.77 热容(C)/(J/(g·K)) 1.05 热导率(k)/(W/(cm·K)) 2.38 熔化温度(Tm)/K 933 融化热(Lm)/(J/g) 400 
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表 2 不同光斑半径的平均功率密度
Table 2. Average power density of different spot radii
光斑半径倍数 1 2 3 4 5 平均功率密度/(W·cm-2) 127.33 31.83 14.15 7.96 5.10
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表 3 氧化铝的热物理性质
Table 3. Thermophysical properties of alumina
性质 Al2O3 密度(ρ)/(g/cm3) 4.08 热容(C)/(J/(g·K)) 1.53 热导率(k)/(W/(cm·K)) 0.30 熔化温度(Tm)/K 2307 融化热(Lm)/(J/g) 1067
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