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Application of image rotating mechanism of prism in ultra-high speed rotating mirror camera
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摘要:
叙述了棱镜转像机构的原理，设计了与高速转镜相机匹配的别汉棱镜转像机构，并将其作为超高速转镜相机的固定组成部分，FJZ-250型转镜分幅和SJZ-15型转镜扫描相机通用。高速转镜相机中增配转像机构后，对目标成像360°连续可调，解决了多台相机同步使用时，爆轰装置不同研究方向的测试问题，对实验数据的获得及系统外场目标调试起了很大的作用，极大方便了相机的使用。经像质检测及动态实验结果表明：转镜式高速相机增配别汉棱镜转像机构后，对相机光学系统成像质量不受影响，甚至略有提高。
Abstract:In this paper the principle of image rotating mechanism based on prism is introduced and the image rotating mechanism using Pechan prism matching the high speed rotating mirror camera is designed. The designed mechanism can be used in FJZ-250 or SJZ-15 type rotating mirror camera as a fixed part. Equipped with the designed mechanism, the rotating mirror cameras can rotate the image of the object by any angle in the range of 0°~360° before recording it. As a result, the measurement problem of different research directions of detonation test is solved when multiple cameras are used synchronously, which plays an important role in acquisition of experimental data and debugging of outdoors targets, thus, it is a great convenience for the camera. The results of the image quality specification experiment indicate that the equipment of the designed image rotating mechanism based on Pechan prism induced no degradation to the image quality and even slightly improved it.
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Key words:
- high speed photography /
- rotating mirror camera /
- image rotating mechanism /
- explosion
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Overview: The rotating mirror high-speed framing camera and streak camera have the characteristics of high spatial resolution, large picture size, long recording time, high photographic frequency and so on. They have always been an important means of experimental research in nuclear weapons, conventional weapons, high-tech weapons and other fields. They are widely used in the measurement of explosive detonation parameters, shock wave velocity, expansion fracture of nuclear weapons and conventional weapons warheads, micro material ejection, and the speed of flyer and fragmentation. Moreover, they are also widely used in ballistics, lightning and high-pressure spark discharge, material decomposition and synthesis, transient spectral analysis, high-speed collision and safety protection. With the development of precision physics experiment, in addition to studying the waveform symmetry on a plane of the target, it is often necessary to capture the waveform symmetry of different directions, for example, it is required to measure the waveform of two special directions with an angle of θ. The image rotating mechanism using Pechan prism matching the high speed rotating mirror camera was designed. It is compact, simple and convenient to operate, and it can be used in FJZ-250 or SJZ-15 type rotating mirror camera as a fixed part. Equipped with the designed mechanism, the rotating mirror cameras can rotate the image of the object by any angle in the range of 0°~360° before recording it. As a result, the measurement problem of different research directions of detonation test is solved when multiple cameras are used synchronously, which plays an important role in acquisition of experimental data and debugging of outdoors targets, thus, it is a great convenience for the camera. Static visual resolution and dynamic photographic resolution were measured for the rotating mirror framing and streak cameras. The results of the image quality indicate that the equipment of the designed image rotating mechanism based on Pechan prism induced no degradation but even slight improved the image quality. The effects of explosive crack and gap on detonation propagation were studied by means of the rotating mirror framing and streak camera. One-dimensional ultra-high time resolution image of explosive detonation wave and the advance of the jet in the gap were captured by rotating mirror streak camera with image rotating mechanism of prism. The crack jet was clearly observed ahead of the explosion wave with about 1.31 µs. Two-dimensional high spatial resolution image of the explosive propagation process was captured by the rotating framing camera, and the effect of gap jet on blast wave was clearly observed at different times. The expected results were obtained.
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图 1 别汉棱镜转像机构原理
Figure 1. Principle of the image rotating mechanism based on Pechan prism
图 2 转镜式高速扫描相机加别汉棱镜光学成像原理图。①被摄目标；②主物镜；③狭缝；④第二物镜；⑤转镜；⑥像面；⑦别汉棱镜
Figure 2. Optical schematic of the high speed rotating mirror streak camera equipped with the Pechan prism. ① Object; Main ② objective lens; Slit ③; Second objective lens ④; Rotating mirror ⑤; Image plane ⑥ Image plane; ⑦ Pechan prism
图 3 转镜式高速分幅相机加别汉棱镜光学系统原理图。①被摄目标；②主物镜；③视场光阑；④第二物镜；⑤孔径光阑；⑥转镜；⑦分幅光阑；⑧分幅透镜；⑨相机像面；⑩别汉棱镜
Figure 3. Optical schematic of the high speed rotating mirror framing camera equipped with the Pechan prism. ① Object; Main ② objective lens; Eyesight diaphragm; Second objective lens; Aperture diaphragm; Rotating mirror; Framing di ③ Eyesight diaphragm; ④ Second objective lens; ⑤ Aperture diaphragm; ⑥ Rotating mirror; ⑦ Framing diaphragm; ⑧ Framing lens; ⑨ Camera image plane; ⑩ Pechan prism
图 4 棱镜转像机构结构设计(a)和外形图(b)。①棱镜外壳盖；②垫环；③棱镜外壳；④转像外壳；⑤锁紧螺钉；⑥垫片；⑦棱镜座；⑧别汉棱镜；⑨螺钉；⑩螺钉；⑪连接座
Figure 4. Structure design and profile of the image rotating mechanism of prism. Prism shell cover; ① Prism shell cover; ② Loop spacer; ③ Prism shell; ④ Image rotating shell; ⑤ Lock-screw; ⑥ Spacer; ⑦ Prism pedestal; ⑧ Pechan prism; ⑨ Screw; ⑩ Screw; ⑪ Connection pedestal
图 5 超高速转镜分幅相机的动态摄影分辨率像。(a)未加转像机构；(b)加转像机构
Figure 5. Dynamic resolution image of framing camera. (a) Without Pechan prism; (b) With Pechan prism
图 6 超高速转镜扫描相机的动态摄影分辨率像。(a)未加转像机构；(b)加转像机构
Figure 6. Dynamic resolution image of streak camera. (a) Without Pechan prism; (b) With Pechan prism
图 9 扫描相机加转像机构拍摄间隙内射流超前现象的实验结果
Figure 9. Ahead phenomenon of jet between gap recorded by streak camera with the image rotating mechanism
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