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摘要:
本文介绍了本课题组在光纤微流激光传感器和无源光纤微流传感器两方面的研究进展。光纤微流激光传感器利用光纤微流激光的输出变化来探测生化参数的改变。光纤截面作为环形微腔形成光反馈,增强了腔内光子和待测物质的相互作用,从而提高了微流激光的传感灵敏度。此外,光纤尺寸均匀,易低成本、批量制作光纤微腔,可制备高重复性或一次性使用的光纤微流激光。本文还介绍了基于光力/光热效应的无源光纤微流传感器。该类传感器利用光产生的力学或热学效应对微流体进行温度、流速、浓度传感,具有灵活性高、集成度好、多功能、可重构等特点。
Abstract:In this mini-review, recent advances in the fiber optofluidic lasers and passive fiber optofluidic sensors are introduced. Fiber optofluidic laser can detect the biochemical changes using its laser output as a sensing signal. The cross-section of fiber can be used as a microcavity, providing optical feedback. The microcavity enhances the light-matter interaction, thus increasing the sensitivity. Furthermore, the geometry of optical fibers is uniform, easy to be mass produced with low cost, can be used to realize highly reproducible and disposable optofluidic laser. Passive fiber optofluidic sensors are also introduced based on the laser induced force and photo-thermal effects, which is flexible, easy to be integrated, multi-functional and reconfigurable.
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Overview: In this review, recent advances in optofluidic laser sensor and fiber optofluidic laser, as well as the passive fiber optofluidic sensors based on the optical force or photothermal effects are introduced.
Optofluidic laser (OFL) is an emerging technology that has been extensively investigated for biochemical detection. Due to the enhanced light-matter interaction, high sensitivity of OFL sensors have been demonstrated. We recently demonstrated a highly sensitive ion detection method using optofluidic laser based on Fabry-Perot cavity. A catalytic reaction that could be inhibited by the S2- ion was employed to produce a fluorescence gain material for optofluidic laser. The limit of detection by the OFL method was orders of magnitude lower than the fluorescence method.
Various types of microcavities including Fabry–Perot cavity, micro ring cavity and distributed feedback schemes have been investigated for optofluidic lasing. The lasing output is highly dependent on these microcavities. The mass productions with high repeatability are difficult for previous microcavities, making it hard to realize reproducible optofluidic laser. We introduced a novel fiber optofluidic laser with high reproducible microcavities. The optical fiber can be used as a ring resonator, providing optical feedback in the cross-section for lasing. Most importantly, thanks to the precise control of the fiber geometry by draw tower, the properties (including geometry, surface properties and thus Q-factor) of microcavities along the optical fiber are almost identical. The optical fiber can be mass produced with low cost and can be utilized to realize highly reproducible and disposable optofluidic laser.
Besides the fiber optofluidic laser, passive fiber optofluidic sensors based on the laser induced force and photo-thermal effects are introduced. The laser beam offers optical force at pico-Newton scale that is very sensitive to the ambient environments. By integrating the optical fiber with microfluidic chip, single microparticle can be trapped and high performance microfluidic flow rate detection was performed based on the force balance on the microparticle. Tunable optical manipulation of microparticle was also demonstrated.
Photo-thermal effect was also introduced by optical fiber into the microfluidic chip for sensing applications. Material with high absorption, including carbon nanotube or gold nanofilm, was coated on the fiber endface. Laser absorption near the fiber tip leads to a temperature rise. Thus microbubble was generated on the fiber tip based on the photo-thermal effect. By monitoring the generation and growth of microbubble, microfluidic parameters including flow rate, temperature, and concentration can be measured. The passive fiber optofluidic sensors have the advantages of flexible, easy to be integrated, multi-functional and reconfigurable.
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图 1 光微流激光用于S2-传感。(a)光微流激光离子传感器结构示意图;(b)酶催化反应及抑制剂作用示意图;(c)激光输出强度与时间的关系曲线;(d)不同S2-浓度下激光出射时间
Figure 1. S2- detection based on optofluidic laser. (a) Structure of the laser cavity for the optofluidic catalytic laser; (b) Generation of the product as gain material and effect of the inhibitor on the catalytic reaction; (c) Spectrally integrated intensity as a function of reaction time with different S2- concentrations; (d) Laser onset time difference versus S2- concentration
图 2 高重复光纤微流激光器[17]。(a)高重复性光纤微流激光器实验装置图;(b)微结构光纤横截面光场分布仿真结果;(c)微结构光纤输出重复性实验结果;(d)光纤微流激光阵列示意图;(e)光纤微流激光各通道输出强度
Figure 2. Reproducible fiber optofluidic laser[17]. (a) Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for fiber optofluidic laser; (b) Intensity distribution in the cross-section of the MOF; (c) Angular integrated intensity using 10 sections of MOFs; (d) Schematic diagram of the FOFL array; (e) The spectrally integrated intensity as a function of the lateral pump position
图 4 双模式流速传感。(a)开环模式下的流速校准曲线;(b)闭环模式下的流速校准曲线;(c)流速传感性能曲线
Figure 4. Dual-mode flow rate sensing. (a) Calibration of the optofluidic flow rate sensor in open-loop mode with y axis in log scale; (b) Calibration of the optofluidic flow rate sensor in the closed-loop mode with manipulation length fixed at 15 μm, 30 μm and 60 μm, respectively; (c) Sensing performance of the optofluidic flow rate sensor
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