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高精度光纤光栅传感技术及其在地球物理勘探、地震观测和海洋领域中的应用

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文章导航 > 光电工程 > 2018 Vol. 45 > No. 9 > 170615

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张文涛, 黄稳柱, 李芳. 高精度光纤光栅传感技术及其在地球物理勘探、地震观测和海洋领域中的应用[J]. 光电工程, 2018, 45(9): 170615. doi: 10.12086/oee.2018.170615
引用本文: 张文涛, 黄稳柱, 李芳. 高精度光纤光栅传感技术及其在地球物理勘探、地震观测和海洋领域中的应用[J]. 光电工程, 2018, 45(9): 170615. doi: 10.12086/oee.2018.170615
shu
Zhang Wentao, Huang Wenzhu, Li Fang. High-resolution fiber Bragg grating sensor and its applications of geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine engineering[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2018, 45(9): 170615. doi: 10.12086/oee.2018.170615
Citation: Zhang Wentao, Huang Wenzhu, Li Fang. High-resolution fiber Bragg grating sensor and its applications of geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine engineering[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2018, 45(9): 170615. doi: 10.12086/oee.2018.170615
shu

高精度光纤光栅传感技术及其在地球物理勘探、地震观测和海洋领域中的应用

    • 1.

      中国科学院半导体研究所传感技术联合国家重点实验室，北京 100083

    • 2.

      中国科学院大学材料科学与光电子技术学院，北京 100049

  • 基金项目:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0405503)；国家自然科学基金资助项目(61605196)；中国科学院青年创新促进会(2016106)
详细信息
    通讯作者: 张文涛(1980-)，男，博士，研究员，主要从事光纤传感的研究。E-mail：zhangwt@semi.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: O436.3;TN253

High-resolution fiber Bragg grating sensor and its applications of geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine engineering

    • 1.

      State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China

    • 2.

      College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  • Fund Project: Supported by National Key R & D Program of China (2017YFB0405503), NSFC (61605196), and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (2016106)
More Information

    摘要

  • 随着特种光纤光栅刻写制作技术以及信号解调技术的发展，光纤光栅传感器的测量精度和测量频带不断得到提升，这大大促进了其在地球物理勘探、地震观测以及海洋观测等具有高精度探测需求的领域中的应用。当前，高精度宽频带光纤光栅传感器的发展依然面临一些核心器件与关键技术方面的挑战，包括高精细度光纤光栅谐振腔、低噪声窄线宽可调谐激光光源等核心器件，高精度宽频带光纤光栅波长解调技术、大规模组网技术、高灵敏度信号拾取探头设计等关键技术。本文首先介绍了高精度光纤光栅传感技术的发展概况，然后重点阐述高精度光纤光栅传感系统所需的核心器件与关键技术，并对其在地球物理勘探、地震观测和海洋观测中的应用情况进行分析探讨，最后对高精度光纤光栅传感技术及其应用作了展望。本文旨在分析总结高精度光纤光栅传感技术及其应用中涉及的一些核心技术和急需解决的关键问题，以期为该项技术的发展和应用提供借鉴。

    With the development of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and FBG based resonant cavity writing and signal demodulation technique, the measurement precision and frequency bandwidth of FBG sensor continue to be improved. It can highly promote its application in several fields of high precision detection requirements, such as geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine observation. At present, the development of high-precision and wide bandwidth FBG sensors still face some challenges of key devices and techniques, including high-fineness FBG based resonant and low-noise narrow-linewidth tunable laser, high-precision broadband FBG wavelength demodulation technique, large-scale networking technique and high-sensitivity signal pickup probe design. Firstly, this paper introduces the development of high-precision FBG sensing technique. Secondly, it focuses on the cord devices and key techniques required for high-precision FBG sensing system and their applications in geophysical exploration, seismic observations and ocean observations. Finally, the high-precision FBG sensing technique and its application are prospected. In order to provide references for the development and application of high-precision fiber Bragg grating sensing technology, this paper aims to analyze and summarize some of the core techniques involved in high-precision FBG sensing technique and its application and the key issues that need to be solved.

    • Overview

  • Overview: Nowadays, with the development of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and FBG based resonant cavity engraving technique, signal demodulation technique, the measurement precision and frequency band range of FBG sensor are constantly improved. This can greatly promote its application in the field of geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine observation. At present, high-precision broadband FBG sensor is still facing some challenges about core devices and key techniques. The core devices include high-fineness FBG based resonant, low-noise narrow-linewidth tunable laser. The key techniques include high-precision broadband FBG wavelength demodulation technique, large-scale networking technique and high-sensitivity signal pickup probe design. Firstly, this paper introduces the development of high-precision FBG sensing technique. Nearly three years, some novel sensing mechanism, demodulation method and sensing applications have been proposed. This improves the FBG low-frequency strain measurement resolution to 10-10, which makes it possible for the FBG sensors to be applied in geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine observation. However, the system measurement resolution and dynamic range still need to be further improved. The high-precision temperature compensation and large-scale multiplexing technique are also the key problems to be solved. Secondly, this paper focuses on the cord devices and key techniques required for high-precision FBG sensing system and their applications in geophysical exploration, seismic observations and ocean observation. The cord devices include high-fineness FBG resonator, low noise narrow linewidth tunable laser. The key techniques include high-resolution broadband FBG signal interrogation technique, large-scale networking technique and high sensitivity signal detector design. Finally, in order to provide references for the development and application of high-precision fiber Bragg grating sensing technology, this paper aims to analyze and summarize some of the core techniques involved in high-precision FBG sensing technique and its application and the key issues that need to be solved in the field of geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine observation.

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  • 图 1  光纤光栅谐振腔反射光谱

    Figure 1.  The picture and reflection spectra of FBG resonant cavity

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    图 2  NKT Photonic公司光纤激光器的相位噪声和频率噪声图[42]

    Figure 2.  The phase noise and frequency noise map of fiber laser from NKT Photonic company[42]

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    图 3  提高窄线宽可调谐激光性能的原理图

    Figure 3.  The schematic diagram for improving the performance of narrow linewidth tunable laser

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    图 4  基于光频梳的高精度光纤光栅谐振腔波长解调原理[28]

    Figure 4.  The high-resolution FBG resonator wavelength demodulation principle based on optical frequency comb [28]

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    图 5  基于抑制载波扫频调制技术的高精度光纤光栅宽频带波长解调原理[35]

    Figure 5.  The high-resolution FBG resonator wavelength demodulation principle based on suppressed carrier sweep frequency modulation technique[35]

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    图 6  基于光纤激光器和拍频测量原理的(a)高精度光纤光栅宽频带波长解调原理和(b)锁频功率密度谱[40]

    Figure 6.  (a) The high-resolution FBG resonator wavelength demodulation principle and (b) frequency-locked laser power density spectrum based on fiber laser and beat frequency measurement technique[40]

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    图 7  高灵敏度相移光栅地震计的(a)结构原理图和(b)频响特性[44]

    Figure 7.  (a) The structure schematic diagram and (b) frequency response of high sensitivity phase shifted FBG[44]

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    图 8  中国科学院半导体研究所的井下光纤激光检波器及其与Sercel动圈检波器的对比实验。(a)~(c)分别为动圈检波器和光纤检波器接收的放炮直达波和深层反射波信号[49]

    Figure 8.  The fiber laser geophones of Insitute of Semiconductors, CAS and the comparison experiment with Sercel moving-coil geophones. (a)~(c) are the direct wave and deep reflection signals recorded by optic fiber sensors and moving-coil sensors re-spectively[49]

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    图 9  意大利国家光学研究所的光纤光栅地震探测系统[51]

    Figure 9.  The FBG seismic detection system from Italian Istituto Nazionale di Ottica[51]

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    图 10  (a) 上海交通大学的光纤光栅地壳形变观测系统；(b)系统记录的固体潮信号[53]

    Figure 10.  (a) The FBG crustal deformation observation system; (b) Recorded tide signals from Shanghai Jiao Tong University[53]

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    图 11  (a) 中国科学院半导体研究所的基岩钻孔型光纤光栅应变仪；(b)记录的固体潮信号

    Figure 11.  (a) The short-baseline FBG strain sensor and (b) recorded tide from Institute of Semiconductors, CAS

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    图 12  高精度光纤光栅海底地震与海啸预警系统[61]

    Figure 12.  High precision FBG submarine earthquake and tsunami warning system[61]

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    图 13  光纤激光海底地震仪及其水下气枪记录对比实验。(a)光纤海底地震仪实物图；(b)水下对比实验示意图；(c)光纤海底地震仪与电学海底地震仪单分量时域波形对比图

    Figure 13.  The underwater comparison experiment of fiber laser submarine seismograph recording the air gun signals. (a) The picture of fiber submarine seismograph; (b) Schematic experiment diagram; (c) Sin-gle-component time domain waveform comparison diagram between fiber submarine seismograph and electrical submarine seismograph

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收稿日期:  2017-10-09
修回日期:  2018-01-09
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