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摘要:
为了更好地测量船舶夜航光环境，从而为评价船舶夜航光环境、减小对船舶夜航安全的影响奠定基础，提出了一种利用彩色CCD相机测量海上光环境亮度的方法：以相机成像原理为基础推导亮度与相机参数的关系式，设计色度标定实验拟合出数字图像三刺激值与标准RGB的关系式，亮度标定实验拟合出关系式中的未知参数，然后确定亮度测量公式。选取大连新港油轮码头水域对测量公式进行实例验证，结果表明该方法测量船舶夜航光环境亮度是可行的，并且具有较高精度。
Abstract:In order to measure the light environment of the ships navigation at night better, so as to lay the foundation for the evaluation of the light environment of the ships navigation at night and reduce the impact on the safety of the ship's navigation at night, a method of measuring the brightness of the sea light environment by a color CCD camera was proposed. Based on the principle of imaging, the relationship between brightness and camera parameters was deduced and the chromaticity calibration experiment was used to fit the relationship between the three-stimulus value and the standard RGB. The brightness calibration experiment fits out the unknown parameters in the formula and then the brightness measurement formula was determined. The port of Dalian Newport cruise terminal was chosen to verify the measurement formula. The results show that the method can measure the brightness of the light environment of the ships navigation at night, which has high precision.
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Overview: With the continuous improvement of the industrialization and urbanization of human society, the light pollution at sea was increasingly affecting the safe navigation of ships at night. In order to better measure the light environment of ships navigation at night, and evaluate the light environment to reduce the impact of light pollution at sea upon ships navigation at night. Making foundation for the safety of the ship’s night navigation and laying the foundation for the urgent need to choose a measurement tool to measure light pollution at sea. Aiming at the limitations of current light environment measurement tools, this paper proposes a method of using color CCD camera in combination with digital image processing technology to measure the brightness of the sea light environment. Firstly, starting from the principle of a color CCD camera, combining photometry and colorimetry the theoretical theory analyze the feasibility of measuring brightness and determine the photometric parameters that need to be corrected. Secondly, the relationship between brightness and camera parameters was derived based on the principle of camera imaging. The digital image processing software was used to extract the brightness and color information from photos. The Chroma calibration experiment fits the relationship between the tristimulus value of the digital image and the standard RGB. The luminance calibration experiment fits the unknown parameters in the relational expression and then determines the luminance measurement formula. Finally, the measurement formulas of the waters of the Dalian Xingang oil tanker terminal are validated by examples. For a wide range of water CCD camera shooting, in order to avoid the occurrence of a large measurement error, the captured images are divided into regions. These regions are subjected to brightness and chromaticity calibration experiments, and the brightness of each region is measured separately. The brightness values obtained by the standard brightness meter and the color CCD camera were compared and analyzed. According to the analysis results, comparing the accuracy of the domestic standard luminance meter, the error of the method meets the standard of the second luminance meter and is close to the standard of the first luminance meter. The results show that this method is feasible for measuring the light environment brightness of the ships navigation at night exhibiting high accuracy. This method can be used not only to measure the nighttime light environment of ships in port waters but also to measure the brightness values of offshore light environments in other areas such as fishing areas and marine engineering work vessels, which puts forward some problems in the experiment and lays the foundation for follow-up research.
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图 2 实验仪器和设备相对位置图(俯视)
Figure 2. The relative positions of laboratory instruments and equipment (vertical view)
图 3 彩色相机拍摄的数字图像(F=5.6, T=1/15 s)
Figure 3. Digital image photographed by color camera (F=5.6, T=1/15 s)
表 1 彩色CCD测量值Lc与亮度计测量值Ll
Table 1. Color CCD measured value Lc and luminance meter measured value Ll
截图亮度值 区域a 区域b 区域c 区域d CCD值Lc/(cd·m-2) 55.58 58.61 57.84 51.40 亮度计值Ll/(cd·m-2) 58.13 56.51 61.78 48.76 误差/% -4.39 3.53 -6.38 5.41 
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