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摘要:
激光除锈技术是一种新型、绿色环保的除锈方法。对一些在极易生锈的工作环境中的低碳钢构件，采用激光除锈技术代替传统除锈方法，有广阔的发展前景。激光除锈技术主要利用辐射在锈蚀表面的激光能量高、脉冲短的特点，使锈蚀温度很快达到熔点以上。但在除锈的同时，会有部分激光透过锈蚀层直接与金属基底作用，以及辐射在锈蚀表面的激光也会通过热传导将部分能量传递到金属基底表面。本文采用实验分析手段，对金属基底表面的微观组织、力学性能、硬度等进行对比研究。结果表明，所采用的激光除锈工艺在获得良好的除锈效果情况下，对金属基底没有造成损伤，对金属基底表面性能没有产生显著影响.
Abstract:Laser derusting technology is a new and green rust removing method. For some low carbon steel in an environment prone to rust, traditional rust removing method can be replaced by laser derusting technology, which has broad prospects. The corrosion surface of the laser radiation has the characteristics of high laser energy and short pulse, so that the corrosion temperature quickly reaches above the melting point. But at the same time of laser rust removal, there will be some laser directly through the rust layer, and the laser radiation on the corrosion surface will also transfer part of the energy to the metal substrate surface through heat conduction. By means of experimental analysis on the surface of the metal base, microstructure, mechanical properties and hardness were studied and compared. The results show that the laser derusting process has a good rust removal effect, laser derusting technology does not damage to the metal substrates and the properties of the surface has not been affected.
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Key words:
- laser cleaning /
- rust removal mechanism /
- low carbon steel /
- surface properties
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Laser cleaning technology is very useful and promising in mechanical industry, micro-electronic industry, artwork restoration and other special areas, which has attracted great attention among researchers. Many experimental and theoretical studies on laser cleaning have been carried out in the past years. Low steel has wide application. But for some low steels in an environment prone to rust, traditional rust removing methods can be replaced by laser derusting technology, which has a broad prospect. The corrosion surface of the laser radiation has the characteristics of high laser energy and short pulse, so that the corrosion temperature quickly reaches above the melting point. So laser derusting is mainly through the ablation mechanism to achieve cleaning effect. The corrosion of low carbon steel is mainly composed of the mixture of Fe oxide and its hydrate, and the surface oxygen content can be used to effectively characterize the effect of rust removal. The laser spot area is much smaller than the cleaning corrosion area and the laser pulse has short pulse width, so that the range of laser heat conduction is very small in the plane direction. It can be considered that the plane direction has uniform heat, so the Fourier heat conduction model is used to characterize the corrosion of surface heat conduction. In fact, when a laser beam irradiates the rust layer surface, it can not only remove the rust layer but also influence the performance of the cleaned surface. At the same time of laser rust removal, there will be some laser directly through the rust layer, and the laser radiation on the corrosion surface will also transfer part of the energy to the metal substrate surface through heat conduction. By means of experimental analysis on the surface of the metal base, microstructure, mechanical properties and hardness were studied and compared that indicate laser derusting technology does not damage to the metal substrates and the properties of the surface has not been affected. Laser derusting has little effect on metal, so the mechanical properties of metal substrate are characterized by using technology instrumented indentation technique. The technique needs to measure the load and displacement data during the whole indentation process and plot the load-displacement curve (P-h curve). And then, mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, strain hardening exponent and extension ratio, can be calculated from the P-h curve with the specific algorithm.
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图 1 (a) 干式激光清洗. (b)湿式激光清洗. (c)等离子体冲击波激光清洗
Figure 1. (a) Dry laser cleaning. (b) Wet laser cleaning. (c) Laser cleaning of plasma shock wave.
图 3 试样经激光除锈前后的效果对比.
Figure 3. Effect comparison of sample before and after laser derusting.
图 5 激光除锈前后试样表面的粗糙度值.
Figure 5. Roughness of the surface of the sample before and after the laser derusting.
图 6 激光除锈后金属基底截面扫描图.
Figure 6. Scanning section of metal substrate after laser derusting.
图 7 (a) 原始试样表面微观组织. (b)激光除锈后试样表面微观组织.
Figure 7. (a) The original sample surface microstructure. (b) Surface microstructure of laser rust removing sample.
图 9 激光除锈前后试样表面洛氏硬度变化.
Figure 9. Surface Rockwell hardness before and after laser derusting.
表 1 原始试样力学性能表征结果.
Table 1. Characterization of mechanical properties of original specimens.
Detection point number Yield strength/MPa Tensile strength/MPa n Elongation/(%) 1 214 473 0.24 33.5 2 198 455 0.26 28.6 3 205 482 0.23 32.5 4 264 450 0.18 24.8 5 275 458 0.17 20.3 Average value 231 463 0.22 27.9 
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表 2 除锈试样的力学性能表征结果.
Table 2. Characterization of mechanical properties of derusting specimens.
Detection point number Yield strength/MPa Tensile strength/MPa n Elongation/(%) 1 231 486 0.22 30.5 2 240 496 0.25 28.6 3 225 472 0.18 25.2 4 262 452 0.19 20.5 5 211 440 0.26 21.2 Average value 233 469 0.22 21.1
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