All-dielectric metasurface beam deflector at the visible frequencies

- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

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Corresponding author: Ting Xu, E-mail: xuting@nju.edu.cn

Received Date 12 October 2016

Revised Date 30 December 2016

Published Date 20 January 2017

摘要

Abstract:
Beam deflectors are important optical elements which can control the propagation direction of the beam in free space. However, with the development of miniaturization of the optical systems, conventional reflector-based mechanical beam deflectors confront a huge challenge due to their large sizes and incompatibility to the device integration. Here we propose an all-dielectric flat metasurface beam deflector which is composed of a single layer array of TiO₂ nanoantennas resting on a fused-silica substrate. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate that the proposed deflectors are able to efficiently deflect the incident beam for different angles with transmission efficiency higher than 80% at visible frequencies. This ultrathin all-dielectric metasurface deflector may have great potential applications in integrated optics.
- metasurfaces /
- beam deflector /
- nanoantenna /
- integrated optics

Overview

Abstract: Beam deflectors, which are able to change or control the propagation direction of the beam in free space, are important optical components in integrated optical circuit and optical communication systems. However, with the development of miniaturization of the optical systems, conventional reflector-based mechanical beam deflectors confront a huge challenge due to their large size and incompatible to the device integration. Recently, metasurfaces, also known as two-dimensional metamaterials, have attracted significant attentions due to their ultrathin thicknesses and perfect controlling of amplitude, phase and polarization of the beams. On account of full 2p phase control, metasurfaces are widely used in lensing, holograms, wave plates and other applications. The original metasurfaces are mainly designed using metallic resonant structures. However, metallic metasurfaces always have large ohmic losses, which are similar to the plasmonic structures. To overcome the loss issue, metasurfaces using dielectrics, such as silicon and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), appear and are widely employed in the novel optical devices' design. Here we propose and design an all-dielectric flat metasurface beam deflector which is composed of a single layer array of TiO₂ nanoantennas resting on a fused-silica substrate. The TiO₂ nanoantennas are considered as birefringent elements and the Jones transfer matrix can be used to model electrometric response of each TiO₂ nanoantenna. Based on the phase discontinuity principle, we design the beam deflectors that operate at the wavelengths of 450 nm, 532 nm, and 633 nm, respectively. For the circularly polarized incident light, the polarization conversion efficiencies of the designed beam deflectors are all higher than 90% at the operation wavelength. Numerical simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm show that deflecting behaviors of the proposed devices with deflection angles of 15°, 30° and 45° are all in excellent agreement with our theoretical predictions. The simulated optical transmissions of the designed deflectors are 88.2%, 86.8% and 71.3% for 15°, 30° and 45° at wavelength of 450nm; 86.7%, 86.4%, 69.7% for 15°, 30° and 45° at wavelength of 532nm and 89.3%, 80.6%, 62.0% for 15°, 30° and 45° at wavelength of 633nm, respectively. Compared with other thin-film plasmonic beam deflectors using metallic nanoslits, the transmission efficiencies of the metasurface beam deflectors are much higher. The all-dielectric metasurface beam deflector may have potential applications for manipulation of the light propagation in the high-integration optical systems.

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Figure 1. (a) Front view of the beam deflector unit cell, showing unit cell periodicity S, nanoantenna width W, length L and height H. At the wavelength of 450 nm, S=230 nm, L=145 nm, W=60 nm, H=500 nm; At the wavelength of 532 nm, S=270 nm, L=210 nm, W=70 nm, H=550 nm; At the wavelength of 633 nm, S=320 nm, L=270 nm, W=105 nm, H=600 nm. (b) Cross-section of single nanoantenna with rotation angle θ.

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Figure 2. The PCE of the single nanoantenna. (a) S=230 nm, L=145 nm, W=60 nm, H=500 nm. (b) S=270 nm, L=210 nm, W=70 nm, H=550 nm. (c) S=320 nm, L=270 nm, W=105 nm, H=600 nm.

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Figure 3. Simulated near-field phase distributions of electric field for 15°, 30° and 45° (from left to right) at the wavelengths of (a) 450 nm with S=230 nm, L=145 nm, W=60 nm, H=500 nm, (b) 532 nm with S=270 nm, L=210 nm, W=70 nm, H=550 nm, (c) 633 nm S=320 nm, L=270 nm, W=105 nm, H=600 nm.

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Figure 4. Simulated far-field transmitted power distributions as the functions of angle at the three wavelengths. (a) Blue lines at the wavelength of 450 nm. (b) Green lines at the wavelength of 532nm and (c) red lines at the wavelength of 633 nm. Solid lines, short dash dot lines and short dot lines represent the deflection angles designed for 15°, 30° and 45°, respectively.

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