Citation: | Chen Weiliang, Zhang Jingyu. Dimension expansion of high-capacity optical data storage[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2019, 46(3): 180571. doi: 10.12086/oee.2019.180571 |
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Overview: Human beings are entering a big data era, which has significantly boosted the current digital economy and society. According to an estimation by the International Data Corporation (IDC), the information generated and consumed is nearly doubled every two year. Human being have already generated data onto an amount of 35 ZB (1 ZB=1000 EB=1000, 000 PB=1000, 000, 000 TB=1000, 000, 000, 000 GB) globally in 2017 and in the year of 2020 the total amount will reach 44 ZB. However, all current data storage technologies and mediums can only store less than half of this amount, which means most of the data will be forcibly lost if without breakthrough in high-capacity storage technologies. The infrastructure of the current information technology and the sustainability of the current information economy has been constantly challenged by the thirst for more storage capacities as well as low energy consumption. These challenges set a fundamental obstacle to the longevity and sustainability of the current information technology. Known for its green features, optical data storage is regarded as an excellent candidate for long-term data archiving. However, Ernst Abbe set a fundamental barrier that limits the smallest feature size of a recording cell to approximately half of the wavelength, leading to a capacity of hundreds of Gigabytes per disc. This capacity limitation could be overcome by implementing multiplex technology. This technology enables the potential for storing more than one bit of data in a single memory cell. It can be applied to materials which exhibit sensitivity to not only the intensity but also other parameters of light like polarization, wavelength, and fluorescence. Limited by the material response, only five multiplex dimensions have been achieved in gold nanorods embedded polymer and fused silica glass. The nanogratings, generated by femtosecond laser writing in fused silica, behave as a uniaxial optical crystal with negative birefringence. The two parameters of birefringence, the slow axis orientation and retardation can be independently controlled by the polarization and intensity of the incident laser beam. Thanks to the effect of multi-photon excitation, 3D space of the medium volume can be simultaneously utilized by focusing femtosecond laser in fused silica. Such memory, encoding data in 5 dimensions, is capable of recording 360 TB data per disc for billions of years. It is believed that 5D optical data storage based on nanogratings in fused silica opens a new era of eternal data storage.
Schematic diagram of multiplexed dimensions in optical data storage
Schematic diagram of 3D optical storage system. (a) Two orthogonal recording beams in photochromic medium[6]; (b) Single beam scheme in fused silica[33]; (c) Single beam scheme in photochromic medium[37]
(a) Atomic force microscopy profiles of silver nanoparticles; (b) Plot of LSPR peak maximum wavelength vs. nanoparticle height, the slope is the linear fitting of the experimental data[42]; (c) SEM images of specially designed silver nanoparticles; (d) The corresponding scattering spectra of silver nanoparticles in Fig. 3(c)[43]
(a) Data writing in azo dye copolymer by irradiating three different linearly polarized light[19]; (b) Data writing, erasing, and rewriting in azo dye by two-photon absorption process[45]; (c) Microscope images of the gold-nanorod nanocomposite films irradiated by light with different wavelengths and polarizations[46]
(a) Anisotropic scatterings produced by focusing femtosecond laser of different polarizations inside the germanium doped fused silica[51]; (b) Scanning electron microscopy image of nanogratings structure[52]; (c) FEG-SEM image of nanogratings[53]; (d) Schematic diagram showing birefringence characteristics of nanogratings[54]
(a) Five-dimensional optical data storage recording setup; (b) Schematic diagram of the data readout process; (c) Decoded text information [23]
(a) Bright field and birefringence microscopic images of structures produced in fused silica by different burst energies and polarization directions, the red arrows indicate the polarization directions[62]; (b) Slow axis orientation images of the laser-induced birefringent spots in nano-porous glass; (c) The plot of retardance vs pulse energy. The number of pulses is 6 and pulse repetition is 200 kHz[63]