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The realizable method for large diameter liquid crystal optical phased array and the analysis of its far-field characteristics
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摘要:
天线通光口径是液晶光学相控阵的重要技术指标，本文在多子阵并行驱动和两级器件级联方法(PAPA)的基础上，提出改进型的i-PAPA方法，通过对COM电极进行分区域驱动，在单个相控阵天线上实现大口径相控光束控制，具备单器件工作、插损低等优点。通过数值仿真分析，结果表明：相控阵天线后的近场相位分布连续；当指向角度在0°到+6°范围内，远场衍射效率和指向角度的数值关系呈现平滑单调下降，衍射效率均大于48%；当指向角度在0°到+3°范围内，衍射效率均大于80%。
Abstract:The optical aperture of the antenna is an important technical indicator of the liquid crystal optical phased array. Based on the multi-subarray parallel driving and two-level device cascade method (PAPA), in this paper, an improved i-PAPA method was proposed. Large area phased beam control is realized on a single phased array antenna by subdivision of the COM electrodes, and it has the advantages of single device operation and low insertion loss. Through numerical simulation, the results show that the antenna near field phase has continuous distribution; when the point angle varies from 0 degrees to +6 degrees, the far-field diffraction efficiency drops smoothly and monotonously as the point angle increases, the diffraction efficiency is greater than 48%; When the point angle varies from 0 degrees to +3 degrees, the diffraction the efficiency is greater than 80%.
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Key words:
- optical phased array /
- liquid crystal /
- large diameter /
- diffraction efficiency
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Overview: After entering the 21st century, laser technology has achieved rapid development, especially laser communication, laser radar, laser guidance, laser weapons and many other application scenarios. Optical phased array as the latest beam control technology has become an international research hotspot. With the increase of the optical aperture of the liquid crystal optical phased array antenna, the number of output channels of a commercial driver chip cannot satisfy the demand for hundreds of thousands of array cells. Using a multi-subarray parallel driver and a two-stage device cascade method (PAPA technology), the equivalent implementation of beam control of a large aperture array antenna is a conventional solution. However, this method has the disadvantages of high alignment accuracy, large system insertion loss, and others.
This paper proposes an improved i-PAPA method based on PAPA technology. Its core idea is to extend the single common electrode of the LC phased array antenna to the panel-controlled array electrodes on the basis of the PAPA structure. On the array antenna, a large-aperture liquid crystal optical phased array device with a diameter of larger than 40mm is realized, which essentially integrates phase modulation and phase compensation on a single liquid crystal phased array antenna. Compared to the conventional PAPA method, i-PAPA can reduce the number of phased array devices by half, reducing system insertion loss and heat accumulation, and transferring the alignment process to the device's processing process. The prior art process can meet its requirements, eliminating the need for assembly and alignment of multiple optical components.
Through numerical simulation analysis, the results show that the near-field phase of the adjacent sub-aperture electrodes in the PAPA structure is not necessarily an equal-difference distribution, but an average distribution between 0 and 2π; At a steering angle of 0 degree to 6 degree, the far-field diffraction efficiency follows the diffraction characteristics of blazed binary grating, and the relationship between the diffraction efficiency and the deflection angle of a single device is a decreasing oscillation. The near-field phase of the adjacent sub-aperture electrodes in the i-PAPA structure is always equal-distance distribution. When the steering angle varies from 0 degree to 6 degree, the far-field diffraction intensity follows the phase pattern array angle. The far-field diffraction efficiency and the steering angle are smoothly decreasing. The far-field prime maximum spot exhibits a complete Gaussian distribution with diffraction efficiency greater than 48%. When the steering angle is in the range of 0 degree to +3 degree, the diffraction efficiency is greater than 80%.
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图 3 远场和近场单元相位的关系示意图
Figure 3. Illustration of the relationship between the far field and near field unit phases
图 5 指向角为3°时的远场归一化强度分布图
Figure 5. Far-field normalized intensity distribution at a 3 degree pointing angle
图 6 指向角为6°时的远场归一化强度分布
Figure 6. Far-field normalized intensity distribution at 6 degree pointing angle
图 7 PAPA结构与i-PAPA结构在0°至6°的远场主瓣衍射效率对比图
Figure 7. Comparison of far-field main lobe diffraction efficiency between 0 degree and 6 degree for PAPA structure and i-PAPA structure
图 8 PAPA结构与i-PAPA结构在0°至0.3°的远场主瓣衍射效率对比图
Figure 8. Comparison of far-field main lobe diffraction efficiency between 0 degree and 0.3 degree for PAPA and i-PAPA structures
图 9 理想和实际的近场相位的远场指向角衍射效率对比图
Figure 9. Comparison of far-field pointing angle diffraction efficiency of ideal and actual near-field phase
图 10 指向角为0.18°所对应的常规型PAPA结构的局部近场相位分布图
Figure 10. Local near-field phase distribution of a conventional PAPA structure with a pointing angle of 0.18 degree
图 11 指向角为0.18°所对应的常规型PAPA结构远场光强分布图
Figure 11. The far-field intensity distribution of a conventional PAPA structure with a pointing angle of 0.18 degree
图 12 指向角为0.18°所对应的i-PAPA结构的局部近场相位分布图
Figure 12. The local near-field phase distribution of the i-PAPA structure with a pointing angle of 0.18 degree
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