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Recent progress of adaptive beam cleanup of solid-state slab lasers in Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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摘要:
高功率固体板条激光器的光束质量严重受限于增益介质热效应等多种因素。如何同时获得高平均功率和高光束质量是激光发展过程中面临的一个基本物理问题。自适应光学技术能够有效补偿固体板条激光系统输出光束的静态和动态像差，是改善光束质量的有效手段。近年来中国科学院光电技术研究所掌握了低阶像差补偿器、加权优化波前复原方法、通用波前处理机等关键技术，为国内多个固体板条激光系统研制了二十余套自适应光学光束净化系统，显著改善了光束质量，保障了上述激光系统的有效运用。
Abstract:The beam qualities of high power solid-state slab lasers are severely limited by many factors such as thermal effects of the gain medium. Simultaneously achieving high beam quality and high average power remains a fundamental problem in the development of high power lasers. Adaptive optics systems are able to significantly improve beam qualities by compensating for the static and dynamic phase distortions of the laser beams. In recent years, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed low-order aberration compensators, weighted least-square wavefront reconstruction algorithms, and generic real-time wavefront processors for solid-state slab lasers. Based on these key components, over two dozens of adaptive optics systems are delivered to a variety of solid-state slab laser systems in China for beam cleanup. With effective operations of these adaptive optics systems, the beam qualities of the laser systems have all been well improved.
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Key words:
- adaptive optics /
- solid-state slab laser /
- beam quality
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Overview: The solid-state slab laser is a promising architecture for power scaling. However, the beam qualities of high power solid-state slab lasers are severely limited by many factors such as thermal effects of the gain medium. Simultaneously achieving high beam quality and high average output power remains a fundamental problem in the development of high power solid-state slab lasers. Adaptive optics systems are able to significantly improve beam qualities by compensating for both static and dynamic phase distortions of the beams. Compared to adaptive optics systems for other types of laser systems, solid-state slab lasers specifically demand large-amplitude low-order aberration compensations of laser beams with high aspect ratio, advanced manipulations of large local phase gradients, and extra flexible real-time wavefront controllers. In recent years, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has successfully developed low-order aberration compensators based on geometric optics, weighted least-square wavefront reconstruction algorithms, and generic real-time wavefront processors implemented with x86 CPUs and real-time operating systems. Based on these state of the art techniques and components, we have developed several types of hybrid adaptive optical system for solid-state slab laser systems, which contains low-order aberration compensators based on several cylindrical and spherical lenses mounted on a motorized rail, and uncooled piezo electric deformable mirror adaptive optical systems. We have offered an adaptive optics system to a 5 J/6.6 ns/200 Hz Nd:YAG solid-state slab laser system developed by Academy of Opto-electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and achieved beam quality of β=1.64 after correction. We have also developed adaptive optics systems for a continuous wave Nd:YAG conduction-cooled, end-pumped slab laser systems of the No.11 Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation. After Correction, the beam quality was improved to β=2.0. To guarantee high beam quality of the quasi-continuous wave Nd:YAG direct liquid cooled slab laser, we integrated an adaptive optics system into the laser system, and beam quality of β=1.7 was achieved. Besides, we have also developed adaptive optics systems for many different solid-state slab laser systems, and significant beam quality improvements were obtained. In the past decade, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences have delivered over two dozens of adaptive optics systems for beam cleanup. With effective operations of these adaptive optics systems, the beam qualities of the laser systems have all been well improved. We will continue to develop adaptive optics for various types of laser systems in the future.
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图 2 通用实时波前处理机软件界面
Figure 2. Software interface of the generic real-time wavefront processor
图 3 5 J/6.6 ns/200 Hz板条激光器研制的混合式自适应光学系统
Figure 3. The hybrid adaptive optics system developed for the 5 J/6.6 ns/200 Hz slab laser system
图 4 混合式光束净化系统中采用的59单元压电陶瓷驱动器变形镜
Figure 4. The 59-actuator piezo electric deformable mirror used in the hybrid adaptive optic system
图 5 对5 J/6.6 ns/200 Hz Nd:YAG板条激光器的光束净化结果。(a)光束初始近场强度分布，光束尺寸约为7 mm×35 mm；(b)光束初始波前畸变分布，PV=26.47 μm, RMS=6.12 μm；(c)低阶像差补偿器校正后的光束波前畸变，PV=1.91 μm, RMS=0.29 μm；(d) 59单元变形镜校正后残差，PV=0.45 µm，RMS=0.09 µm；(e)低价像差校正器校正后的光束近场强度分布，光束尺寸约为42 mm×44 mm；(f)初始光束远场强度分布，光束质量β=18.42；(g)低价像差校正器校正后的光束远场强度分布，光束质量β=2.86；(h) 59单元变形镜校正后的光束远场强度分布，光束质量β=1.64
Figure 5. Results of beam cleanup of the 5 J/6.6 ns/200 Hz Nd:YAG slab laser system. (a) Initial Intensity distribution of the output beam, the approximate size of the beam is 7 mm×35 mm; (b) Initial wavefront of the output beam, PV=26.47 μm, RMS=6.12 μm; (c) Wavefront after corrected by the low-order aberration compensator, PV=1.91 μm, RMS=0.29 μm; (d) Residual wavefront after corrected by the 59-actuator deformable mirror, PV=0.45 µm, RMS=0.09 µm; (e) Intensity distribution of the beam after compensated by the low-order aberration compensator, the approximate size of the beam is 42 mm×44 mm; (f) Far-field intensity distribution of the initial beam, β=18.42; (g) Far-field intensity distribution of the beam after corrected by the low-order aberration compensator, β=2.86; (h) Far-field intensity distribution of the beam after corrected by the 59-actuator deformable mirror, β=1.64.
图 6 补偿低阶像差后的kW级CCEPS激光器光束波前畸变
Figure 6. Wavefront of the output beam from the kW-class CCEPS laser system after low-order aberration compensation
图 7 对CW CCEPS Nd:YAG板条激光器的光束净化结果[17]。(a)低阶像差补偿器校正后远场强度分布；(b)基于常规最小二乘波前复原方法校正后的远场强度分布，光束质量β=2.5；(c)基于加权最小二乘波前复原方法校正后的远场强度分布，光束质量β=2.0
Figure 7. Results of beam cleanup of a CW CCEPS Nd:YAG slab laser system[17]. (a) Far-field intensity distribution of the output beam after corrected by the low-order aberration corrector; (b) Far-filed intensity distribution of the beam after correction by the deformable mirror based on the conventional least-square wavefront reconstruction method, β=2.5; (c) Far-filed intensity distribution of the beam after correction by the deformable mirror based on the weighted least-square wavefront reconstruction method, β=2.0
图 8 对中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所kW级QCW浸入式液冷Nd:YAG板条激光器的光束净化结果[20]。(a)低阶像差补偿后的光束近场强度分布；(b)低阶像差补偿后的远场强度分布；(c)变形镜校正后的远场强度分布，光束质量β=1.7
Figure 8. Results of beam cleanup of a kW-class QCW direct liquid-cooled Nd:YAG slab laser system developed by CETC 11[20]. (a) Intensity distribution of the output beam after corrected by the low-order aberration corrector; (b) Far-filed intensity distribution of the beam after corrected by the low-order aberration corrector; (c) Far-filed intensity distribution of the beam after corrected by the deformable mirror, β=1.7
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